Mycotoxins are an increasingly discussed topic. Several scientific reports have been written which review the effects of these toxic substances on the health and productivity of animals. However, there is a lack of work regarding the incidence of mycotoxins in ensiled material and the consequences of this occurrence. In this review, practical and field information was converged with scientific ...

Fungal spores are continuously deposited on the leaf surfaces by wind impaction, sedimentation and rain wash-out from the atmosphere and splash-dispersal. They reside and act as asymptomatic mutualists, benign commensals or latent pathogens. A slight imbalance in this relation can lead to pathogenic phase of the fungi, resulting in a variety of symptoms on leaves viz. discoloration, blight, soo...

most common hypotheses of seizure initiation are increased neural excitation, decreased inhibition or both. but, the conditions that lead to these activation states not to be clear yet. recent studies challenge traditional concepts and indicate new evidence that a key epileptogenic process may actually begin in the blood vessel. seizures could be initiate by a variety of insults to the brain, s...

during a survey of sindh and punjab provinces of pakistan, two dragonfly genera were collected and identified for the first time from the country. anaciaeshna(family aeshnidae) is a genus of large dragonflies. representatives were collectedfrom gujjo, district thatta (sindh) in august 2008 and were identified as anaciaeshna jaspidea (burmeister). the second genus was epophthalmia (family cordul...

in the present study, classification trees (cts-j48 algorithm) were used to study the occurrence of roach in rivers in flanders (belgium). the presence/absence of roach was modelled based on a set of river characteristics. the predictive performance of the cts models was assessed based on the percentage of correctly classified instances (cci) and cohen's kappa statistics. to find the best model...

The use of different probability distributions as described by the Exponential, Pareto, Lognormal, Rayleigh, and Gama probability functions applied to estimation the time of the next great earthquake (Ms≥6.0) in different seismotectonic provinces of Iran. This prediction is based on the information about past earthquake occurrences in the given region and the basic assumption that future seismi...

“Runs” on banks and on similar financial intermediaries have been a recurrent phenomenon. In some cases, a run has occurred when depositors or investors have received information that the intermediary lacks sufficent resources to honor all of its claims. Then there is a race to present claims to the intermediary before those resources run out. But many people—including market participants and e...