chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is associated with a chronic inflammatory response in airways and lung parenchyma that results in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. cigarette smoking considered as an important risk factor plays a role in pathogenesis of disease. pneumocystis jirovecii is an atypical opportunistic fungus that causes pneumonia in immunosuppressed host, al...

Trends in smoking associated respiratory diseases in England and Wales during 1941-85 have been studied, with careful attention to problems caused by changes in classification of cause of death. Three diseases were selected for analysis: lung cancer, emphysema, and chronic obstructive lung disease. During 1971-85 deaths that would previously have been certified under chronic bronchitis have inc...

There is now compelling evidence that proteinases and oxidative stress play pathogenetic roles in the following pathologies in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: airspace enlargement; chronic inflammation in the airways, lung interstitium, and alveolar space; and mucus hypersecretion in the large airways. Proteinases and oxidants may also contribute to remodeling processes in the small airw...

C pulmonary diseases, a s m a i n l y d e f i n e d b y asthma, bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), interstitial lung disease, pulmonary hypertension etc., represent the third leading cause of death in United States and account for more than 143,382 deaths in 201148. The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in India is estimated to be 31.4–57.1% over 6...

BACKGROUND Inflammation in the airways and lung parenchyma underlies fixed airway obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The exact role of smoking as promoting factor of inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is not clear, partly because studies often do not distinguish between current and ex-smokers. METHODS We investigated airway inflammation in sputum and bron...

The effective self-management of obstructive lung disease is dependent upon the patient achieving good inhaler technique. However, many current inhalers are complicated to use, which may lead to handling difficulties. These difficulties can cause clinically relevant errors, whereby pharmacotherapy fails to achieve adequate lung deposition and therapeutic effect. In this report, the potential of...

Echocardiograms were obtained in 10 normal patients and in 11 patients with respiratory insufficiency due to chronic obstructive lung disease (8) and to thoracic poliomyelitis (3). Only the eight patients with obstructive lung disease had paradoxic pulse. No patient had pericardial disease. The left ventricular internal dimension, stroke volume, and the mitral valve E-F slope and D-E excursion ...

26 Background: Glucocorticoid function is markedly impaired in the lungs of patients with 27 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This reduction in glucocorticoid sensitivity may be 28 due to an oxidant-mediated elevation in phosphoinositol 3-kinase  signaling. 29 Objective: To determine the role of phosphoinositol 3-kinase  in the reduced glucocorticoid 30 responsiveness in chronic obstruc...