نتایج جستجو برای: observational justice
تعداد نتایج: 134347 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
The propensity score is defined as the probability of each individual study subject being assigned to a group of interest for comparison purposes. Propensity score adjustment is a method of ensuring an even distribution of confounders between groups, thereby increasing between group comparability. Propensity score analysis is therefore an increasingly applied statistical method in observational...
We present a local relational reasoning method for reasoning about contextual equivalence of expressions in a λ-calculus with recursive types and general references. Our development builds on the work of Benton and Leperchey, who devised a nominal semantics and a local relational reasoning method for a language with simple types and simple references. Their method uses a parameterized logical r...
We tested the effects of an observational intervention (Greer & Singer-Dudek, 2008) on establishing children's books as conditioned reinforcers using a delayed multiple baseline design. Three preschool students with mild language and developmental delays served as the participants. Prior to the intervention, books did not function as reinforcers for any of the participants. The observational in...
Abstract Regarding organizational justice, performance appraisal (PA) systems are among the most crucial mechanisms shaping employee work experience. Nonetheless, research has mostly neglected to explain relationship between characteristics of PA systems, employees' perceptions and engagement in public sector. Based on a combination observational experimental data from 11 sector organizations I...
The current tendency is to provide post-approval evidence from separate, often larger and less well controlled trials. Typical examples of these are pragmatic trials (randomisation, little/no control), purely prospective observational trials (no randomisation, no control) and use of historic controls. #3 New study design: Mixed RCT (cont.) In a Mixed RCT patients would be selected and randomise...
if the precise implementation of the principle of proportion and:balance between the violation and the penalty as well as the other dimensions could be considered as a stick yard for the imptementation of justice any lack of preciseness in carrying out such principle would not indeed be much too far from injustice . naturally ,if it would be imagined that the objective of balance between...
Rural firms have a higher survival rate than urban firms. Over the first 13 years after firm entry, the hazard rate for firm exits is persistently higher for urban firms. While differences in firm attributes explain some of the rural-urban gap in firm survival, rural firms retain a survival advantage 18.5% greater than observationally equivalent urban firms. We argue that in competitive markets...
Suppose we are interested in estimating the average causal effect from an observational study. A doubly robust estimator, which is a hybrid of the outcome regression and propensity score weighting, is more robust than estimators obtained by either of them in the sense that, if at least one of the two models holds, the doubly robust estimator is consistent. However, a doubly robust estimator may...
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