Gamma-ray burst astronomy has undergone a revolution in the last three years, spurred by the discovery of fading long-wavelength counterparts. We now know that at least the long duration GRBs lie at cosmological distances with estimated electromagnetic energy release of 10 – 10 erg, making these the brightest explosions in the Universe. In this article we review the current observational state,...

The relic abundances of the light elements synthesized during the first few minutes of the evolution of the Universe provide unique probes of cosmology and the building blocks for stellar and galactic chemical evolution, while also enabling constraints on the baryon (nucleon) density and on models of particle physics beyond the standard model. Recent WMAP analyses of the CBR temperature fluctua...

Evidence of high-velocity features such as those seen in the near-maximum spectra of some Type Ia Supernovae (e.g. SN 2000cx) has been searched for in the available SN Ia spectra observed earlier than one week before B maximum. Recent observational efforts have doubled the number of SNe Ia with very early spectra. Remarkably, all SNe Ia with early data (7 in our RTN sample and 10 from other pro...

He I λ10830 profiles acquired with Keck’s NIRSPEC for 6 young low mass stars with high disk accretion rates (AS 353A, DG Tau, DL Tau, DR Tau, HL Tau and SVS 13) provide new insight into accretion-driven winds. In 4 stars the profiles have the signature of resonance scattering, and possess a deep and broad blueshifted absorption that penetrates more than 50% into the 1 μm continuum over a contin...

Individual actions such as the purchase of a machine or the changing or a price are often discrete and infrequent. Macroeconomic models, however, often ignore this intermittent behavior. In this paper, we present conditions under which a representative agent model, which ignores discrete adjustment on the individual level, is observationally equivalent to a model that takes discrete adjustment ...

Abstract Recently, the LHAASO collaboration has observed gamma rays of energies up to ten TeV from gamma-ray burst GRB221009A, which stimulated community astronomy, particle physics and astrophysics propose various possible interpretations. In this paper, we put forward a viable scenario that neutrinos are produced together with photons in gradually decay into axion-like particles, then convert...

Kingston (J Comb Theory (A) 20:357–363, 1976) and Anderson (J Comb Theory (A) 23:363, 1977) show that the probability that a given contestant wins a bestof-2k+1 series of asymmetric, zero-sum, binary-outcome games is, for a large class of assignment rules, independent of which contestant is assigned the advantageous role in each component game. We design a laboratory experiment to test this hyp...

Recently some results have been presented which show that certain kinds of deterministic descriptions and indeterministic descriptions are observationally equivalent (Werndl 2009a, Werndl 2011). These results prompt interesting philosophical questions, such as what exactly they show or whether the deterministic or indeterministic description is preferable. There is hardly any philosophical disc...