It is more difficult to find errors when source code is secret. More people search for errors when source code is public. These counteracting effects are pivotal to the question whether openness fosters security. Errors in software are found by people with either constructive contribution or exploitation in mind. Focusing exclusively on this discovery aspect, we present a probabilistic model, w...

What qualities lead some Internet videos to reach millions of viewers while others languish in obscurity? This question has been largely unexamined empirically. We addressed this issue by examining the role of emotional response and video source on the likelihood of spreading an Internet video by validating the emotional response to an Internet video and investigating the underlying mechanisms....

This paper takes the recent degrowth business framework as a starting point and looks deeper into one particular part of it, change in values. It has been claimed that agential level (i.e., individuals) associated with it values is what underpins remaining elements framework, i.e., gives rise to compatible practices, principles, operations. because, according critical realism, individual humans...

Smartwatches collect a broad range of physical activity data during usage. We postulate that Perceived Privacy Risk has a direct negative influence on the Behavioral Intention to Use smartwatches and an indirect negative influence on the Behavioral Intention to Use them through Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Enjoyment. After collecting 229 online questionnaires and applying a SEM approach, ...

This paper asserts that economists of the mid twentieth century developed two methods of analyzing institutions. Austrian and Coasean economists developed complementary approaches to institutional analysis. Coase developed a research program of Comparative Institutional Analysis, whereby economists compare alternative institutions according to their most similar features. Ludwig von Mises and F...

Education and training interventions can be evaluated through the success of learning outcomes. Kirkpatrick's four-level model is a widely accepted and highly popular evaluation tool. However, some criticise the model's shortcomings. This article will examine the extent to which the four-level model can evaluate design and technology students' learning about aesthetics after an intervention by ...

AIM To analyze the effects of premedication with Pronase for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) examination of the stomach. METHODS This was a prospective, randomized and controlled clinical study. All patients were randomly assigned to either the Pronase group or placebo group. The pretreatment solution was a mixed solution of 20000 U of Pronase and 60 mL sodium bicarbonate solution in the Pronase ...