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Object-oriented modeling is used in a growing number of commercial software development projects. But the plethora of approaches and corresponding CASE tools still prevents corporate users from migrating to object-oriented software development methods. Against this background the recent efforts of the Object Management Group (OMG) to standardize object-oriented modeling languages seem to promis...

─This paper is to clarify ontologies in knowledge base compare with object models in object oriented software engineering. Ontology itself has the concept which is the foundation of knowledge base; on the other hand The object model is the center of object oriented software engineering. Because ontologies are closely related to modern object-oriented software design, it is natural to adapt exis...

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is becoming widely used for software and database modeling, and has been accepted by the Object Management Group as a standard language for object-oriented analysis and design. For data modeling purposes, UML includes class diagrams, that may be annotated with expressions in a textual constraint language. Although facilitating the transition to object-oriente...

Conceptual data modeling has become essential for non-traditional application areas. Some conceptual data models have been proposed as tools for database design and object-oriented database modeling. Information in real-world applications is often vague or ambiguous. Currently, a little research is underway on modeling the imprecision and uncertainty in conceptual data modeling and the conceptu...

over the past years, lake water levels have decreased considerably by various factors and the subsequent emergence of salt plain has brought disastrous consequences that need an essential action. therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of drying up and increasing lake water salt and landsat satellite images were used during different time periods in 9 years. to identify the new a...

Most object-oriented methodologies assign to instance models a minor role, using them to depict behavior scenarios and to show examples. For a large number of applications, among which enterprise models represent an outstanding example, traditional class-based models are not sufficient as tools. An enhanced object-oriented modeling methodology has to be devised in order to face the problems tha...

Objects relate to each other in di erent ways | serving, using, and communicating with each other. From the way in which they treat one another, objects have di erent perspectives of each other. These perspectives de ne the role that an object may play towards another. The perspectives are formed as a restricted set of methods of the object, | exactly the methods that are relevant for the relat...