Creatine monohydrate (creatine) has potential neuroprotective properties and is a commonly used supplement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurodegenerative disorders. Minimum therapeutic and maximum tolerated dosages of creatine are not yet known, nor is it known what systemic plasma concentrations result from specific dosage regimens. The objectives of this study were to esta...

introduction: the use of antioxidants before high-intensity training, which leads to the release of free radicals and muscle injuries, can result in reduced damage during exercise. accordingly, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of selenium supplement intake on oxidative stress, following exhaustive aerobic exercise among young physically-active females. methods: in this quasi-exper...

CONTEXT Allegations about side effects of creatine supplementation by athletes have been published in the popular media and scientific publications. PURPOSE To examine the experimental evidence relating to the physiological effects of creatine supplementation. RESULTS One of the purported effects of oral creatine supplementation is increased muscle mass. A review of the literature reveals a...

Background Creatine is an endogenous guanidine compound found in the skeletal muscles and plays an important role in the metabolism of proteins. A perusal of the information available on the Internet concerning creatine revealed that its activity receives a great deal of attention, with much speculation about its ability to increase lean body mass, high-intensity power output, and strength in h...

The rationale for the use of nutritional supplements to enhance exercise capacity is based on the assumption that they will confer an ergogenic effect above and beyond that afforded by regular food ingestion alone. The proposed or advertised ergogenic effect of many supplements is based on a presumptive metabolic pathway and may not necessarily translate to quantifiable changes in a variable as...

We report a case of a heretofore healthy 18-year-old man who presented with a 2-day history of nausea, vomiting and stomach ache while taking creatine monohydrate for bodybuilding purposes. The patient had acute renal failure, and a renal biopsy was performed to determine the cause of increased creatinine and proteinuria. The biopsy showed acute tubular necrosis. In the literature, creatine mon...

Background It has previously been shown that the plasma concentration of creatine following supplementation is influenced by extracellular concentrations of insulin and glucose, the form in which creatine is administered, and also the creatine concentration in the muscle cells. The common practice of raising insulin levels to increase initial uptake into muscle, by means of high amounts of gluc...