1Brigham & Womens Hospital, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 75 Francis St., Boston, USA E-mail: [email protected] Nutcracker syndrome, or more accurately, left renal vein (LRV) entrapment syndrome, refers to an abnormally narrow angle between the superior mesenteric artery and abdominal aorta leading to symptomatic compression and distal dilatation of the LRV as it traverses b...

An 18-year-old white female with a body mass index of 28 kg/m presented with a 6-month history of intermittent esophageal dysphagia, dizziness, and heavy vomiting associated with frequent premature ventricular complexes (PVCs). Her echocardiogram was normal, and serial 24-hour ambulatory Holter monitoring documented between 100 and 5000 monomorphic PVCs. A 12-lead ECG obtained during an emergen...

Terminal differentiation of male germ cells in Drosophila and mammals requires extensive cytoarchitectural remodeling, the elimination of many organelles, and a large reduction in cell volume. The associated process, termed spermatid individualization, is facilitated by the apoptotic machinery, including caspases, but does not result in cell death. From a screen for genes defective in caspase a...

INTRODUCTION Superior mesenteric artery syndrome is an uncommon cause of duodenal obstruction, and its manifestations are generally associated with compression on the third part of the duodenum between the abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery. CASE PRESENTATION In this report, a patient is described presenting with epigastric pain and weight loss due to superior mesenteric artery sy...

A 26-year-old woman was referred to us because of her hypertension and microscopic haematuria. Her past medical and family histories were unremarkable and the physical examination was not contributory. The urinary analysis revealed numerous red blood cells without dysmorphic changes. The laboratory tests revealed haemoglobin 13.6 g/dl, haematocrit 39%, white blood cell count 4300/mm, blood urea...

Nutcracker syndrome is the compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery. It is a rare cause of hematuria which results from the rupture of congested renal veins into the collecting system.

Several papers have reported [1] about "functional disorders of the esophagus" in European countries and the USA; however, few reports on these disorders have been found in Japan except concerning achalasia [2]. Having an opportunity to study with Dr. DeMeester, a well-known surgeon in this field, I had the personal experience of measuring the esophageal motility and pH recording in many patien...

Nutcracker syndrome occurs when the left renal vein (LRV) is compressed between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta, and this syndrome is often characterized by venous hypertension and related pathologies. However, invasive studies such as phlebography and measuring the reno-caval pressure gradient should be performed to identify venous hypertension. Here we present a case of Nutcracke...