We surveyed nursery producers in New York to determine the extent, nature and economic impact of deer damage to their operations, and to assess their attitudes towards deer. Seventy-three percent of the producers experienced deer damage to their crops in 1988. Average costs for replacement were nearly $6,000 per grower for those reporting damage estimates (and over $8,000 if 1 extreme value was...

Past resebrch has used detailed measureme$s of various growth characteristics to determine seedling grades and quality of northern red oak nursery stock This study evaluates the effectiveness ofa visual grading process. similar + thosefound in commercial nursery operations, to distinguish high quality seedlings. Northern red oak (QuercJs rubra L.) seedlings were grown for I yr at two state nurs...