BACKGROUND There is considerable variation in prescribing, and existing standards against which primary care prescribing is routinely judged consist largely of local or national averages. There is thus a need for more sophisticated standards, which must be widely applicable and have credibility among the general practice profession. AIM A study aimed to develop a range of criteria of prescrib...

Numerous industrial problems can be modelled as MINLP problems combining both numeric and integer variables. Several methods were proposed to solve these problems. But industrial applications need more than solving problems: dynamic problems, over-constrained problems, or explaining solver behaviour are features required by industrial applications. Explanation-based constraint programming offer...

Article / Book Information 論題 Title Street Performance Robot Contest as Practice in Creativity Education 著者 遠藤 玄, 青木 岳史, 鈴木 秀昭, 福島 E. 文彦, 広瀬 茂男 Author Gen Endo, Takeshi Aoki, Hideaki Suzuki, Edwardo F. Fukushima, Shigeo Hirose 掲載誌/書名 , Vol. 23, No. 5, pp. 768-777 Journal/Book name Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics, Vol. 23, No. 5, pp. 768-777 発行日 / Issue date 2011, 10 Note Journal of Robotic...

past few years. In the most of current works, the researchers extract the features, such as melodies, rhythms and chords, from the music data and develop indices that will help to retrieve the relevant music quickly. Several reports have pointed out that these features of music can be transformed and represented in the forms of music feature strings or numeric values such that the indices can b...

The socioeconomic (SE) status is considered to be one of the most important health risk factors nowadays. A simple search showed that only in 2011, more than 1100 articles were cited in Pubmed about the relationship of health and SE status. However, there are many inquiries about this association. The SE status is a complex and multidimensional issue, and there is no gold standard method to mea...

Cooperation often fails to spread in proportion to its potential benefits. This phenomenon is captured by prisoner's dilemma games, in which cooperation rates appear to be determined by the distinctive structure of economic incentives (e.g., $3 for mutual cooperation vs. $5 for unilateral defection). Rather than comparing economic values of cooperating versus not ($3 vs. $5), we tested the hypo...

CONTEXT The Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) is commonly used to assess pain. Change in the NPRS across time can be interpreted with responsiveness indices. OBJECTIVE To determine the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of the NPRS. DESIGN Single-group repeated measures. SETTING Outpatient rehabilitation clinics. PATIENTS Patients with shoulder pain (N = 136). MAIN OUTCOME ...

Studies using open-ended response modes to elicit probabilistic beliefs have sometimes found an elevated frequency (or blip) at 50 in their response distributions. Our previous research suggests that this is caused by intrusion of the phrase "fifty-fifty," which represents epistemic uncertainty, rather than a true numeric probability of 50%. Such inappropriate responses pose a problem for decis...

Can biodiversity evolve and persist in a uniform environment? This question is at the heart of the plankton paradox: in the natural world we observe many species sharing few resources, whereas the principle of competitive exclusion would lead us to expect that only a few species could coexist in such circumstances. To bridge the gap between theory and observation, previous studies have shown th...

Three experimental paradigms were used to investigate the perception of orientation relative to internal categorical standards of vertical and horizontal. In Experiment 1, magnitude estimation of orientation (in degrees) relative to vertical and horizontal replicated a previously reported spatial orientation bias also measured using verbal report: Orientations appear farther from horizontal tha...