A 34 year-old nulliparous woman was referred to our Department, complaining of vaginal bleeding and intermittent lower abdominal cramping. serum level of β-hCG was 4954 IU/L. Transvaginal ultrasound examination revealed no gestational sac in the uterine cavity and a right adnexal mass, suggestive of ectopic pregnancy; left adnexal area appeared regular. At laparoscopy, the presence of an ectopi...

effect of aromatherapy with essential damask rose oil on anxiety of the active phase of labor nulliparous women     kheirkhah m [1] ,setayesh valipour n* [2] ,neisani samani l [3] ,haghani h [4]     received: 4 may, 2013 accepted: 16 jul, 2013    abstract  background & aims : anxiety in women during labor is the most common emotional reactions and undesirable effects on the fetus and the mother...

BACKGROUND It is generally assumed that fascial defects in the rectovaginal septum are the result of childbirth. However, rectoceles do occur in women who have never delivered vaginally. AIMS To determine the incidence of rectocele in a cohort of asymptomatic, young nulliparous women. METHODS Observational cohort study on 178 nulliparous caucasian women (aged 18-24) recruited for a twin stu...

Background & Aims: Labor conditions cause stress and anxiety specifically in nulliparous women and hence the chance of a normal vaginal delivery is reduced. According to some studies lavender scent improves mood and reduces stress and anxiety. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of lavender scent on anxiety status in nulliparous women and also to determine changes in plasma ...