We show that decadal dynamics of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) are linked through their relationships to ENSO. The PDO and NPGO are the oceanic expression of the two dominant modes of North Pacific atmospheric variability -the Aleutian Low (AL) and the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO). We compute the two dominant modes of ocean/atmosphere co-...

The present work is the first in a series of studies designed to examine the role of a brainstem GABAergic system in the control of the behavioral states of sleep and wakefulness. GABA, muscimol (a GABAA receptor agonist) and bicuculline methiodide (a GABAA receptor antagonist) were microinjected, separately, into the nucleus pontis oralis (NPO) in three chronic, unanesthetized cats. The effect...

The national health services (NHS) of England, Portugal, Finland and other single-payer universalist systems financed by general taxation, are based on the theoretical principle of an integrated public sector payer-provider. However, in practice one can find different forms of participation of non-public healthcare providers in those NHS, including private for profit providers, but also third s...

The Pacific Meridional Mode (PMM) impacts tropical sea surface temperature variations, which in turn affect the PMM through excited atmospheric teleconnections. Previous studies linked this loop to Pacific-excited North Oscillation (NPO; second empirical mode of level pressure variability), while a recent study proposed linkage Aleutian low (AL) variability (the first mode). Unraveling their re...

We combine the USPEX evolution searching method with density functional theory using dispersion corrections (DFT-ulg) to predict the crystal structure of the NNO extended solid at high pressures (from 100 to 500 GPa). We find that the NNO nanotube (with diameter ≈ 2.5 Å) is the most stable form above 180 GPa. We report here the stability, electronic properties, and mechanical properties of this...

Cigarette smoke contains high levels of reactive species. Moreover, cigarette smoke can induce cellular production of oxidants. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-derived oxidants on epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity in alveolar type 1 (T1) and type 2 (T2) cells and to measure corresponding rates of fluid clearance in mice receiving a ...

Introduction: The lack of more specific tools, with low costs, that may be associated with the ALSFRS-R (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Scale-Revised) score to assist in analyzing the prognosis, is a constraint factor in the follow-up of ALS ventilated patients. Objective: we analyzed the potential predictors of ALSFRS-R functional decline related to Non-Invasive ventilation (NIV) set...

We study completeness in differential approximability classes. In differential approximation, the quality of an approximation algorithm is the measure of both how far is the solution computed from a worst one and how close is it to an optimal one. The main classes considered are DAPX, the differential counterpart of APX, including the NP optimization problems approximable in polynomial time wit...

Economic theories of Nonprofit Organizations (NPOs) have modified standard economic assumptions to explain altruism and nonprofit entrepreneurship but have neglected their dependence on leadership due to the traditional reluctance of economists to consider phenomena associated with preference change. The relevance of Hermalin’s (1998) model of leadership by example and Casson’s (1991) theory of...

Describing the workings of a specially written caching algorithm unofficially called Top40 and comparing it to two more common algorithms LRU (Least Recently Used) and LFU (Least Frequently Used) this report tries to show the effectiveness of Top40 algorithm in a media streaming environment. Simulations where done using real data. These simulations show the effectiveness of the Top40 algorithm ...