Efforts to develop a broadly protective vaccine against the highly pathogenic avian influenza A (HPAI) H5N1 virus have focused on highly conserved influenza gene products. The viral nucleoprotein (NP) and ion channel matrix protein (M2) are highly conserved among different strains and various influenza A subtypes. Here, we investigate the relative efficacy of NP and M2 compared to HA in protect...

In several lysosomal storage disorders, including Niemann-Pick disease Type C (NP-C), sphingolipids, including glycosphingolipids, particularly gangliosides, are the predominant storage materials in the brain, raising the possibility that accumulation of these lipids may be involved in the NP-C neurodegenerative process. However, correlation of these accumulations and NP-C neuropathology has no...

BACKGROUND Thymosin beta-4 (TB-4) is considered key roles in tissue development, maintenance and pathological processes. The study aimed to prove TB-4 positive biological function on nucleus pulposus (NP) cell apoptosis and slowing the process of cell aging while increasing the cell proliferation. METHODS TB-4 recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) was constructed and induced to human NP ce...

An emerging literature suggests that early life exposure to 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), a widespread endocrine disrupting chemical, may increase the risk of metabolic syndrome. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that intraperitoneal administration of 4-NP induces hepatic steatosis in rat. 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered with 4-NP (0, 2, 10 and 50 mg/kg b.wt) in corn oil for 3...

SoxB1 sub-family of transcriptional regulators are expressed in progenitor (NP) cells throughout the neuroaxis and are generally downregulated during neuronal differentiation. Gain- and loss-of-function studies indicate that Sox1, Sox2 and Sox3 are key regulators of NP differentiation and that their roles in CNS development are largely redundant. Nevertheless, mutation of each SoxB1 individuall...

C57BL mice, upon immunization with chicken ),-globulin conjugated with (4hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl) acetyl (NP), a produced anti-NP antibodies having higher affinity for a cross-reactive analogue, (4-hydroxy-5-iodo-3-nitrophenyl) acetyl (NIP), than for NP itself (1). Furthermore, these "heteroclitic" antibodies share a set of common idiotypes, the predominant idiotype in primary B6 anti-NP antibodi...

The influenza A virus (IAV) genome is divided into eight distinct RNA segments believed to be copackaged into virions with nearly perfect efficiency. Here, we describe a mutation in IAV nucleoprotein (NP) that enhances replication and transmission in guinea pigs while selectively reducing neuraminidase (NA) gene segment packaging into virions. We show that incomplete IAV particles lacking gene ...

The nucleotide sequences of the nucleocapsid protein (NP) gene, the intergenic regions in the nucleocapsid protein (NP)-phosphoprotein (P), P-matrix protein (M) and M-fusion glycoprotein gene junctions and the trailer region of a virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain Beaudette C were determined. The NP gene is 1747 nt long and encodes a protein of 489 amino acids. Each of the intergenic...