Nosocomial infections are problematic in the ICU because of their frequency, morbidity, and mortality. The most common ICU infections are pneumonia, bloodstream infection, and urinary tract infection, most of which are device related. Surgical site infection is common in surgical ICUs, and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea is occurring with increasing frequency. Prospective observationa...

To our knowledge, the epidemiology of hospital-acquired infections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients during long-term care has not been reported. For 13 months, we observed HIV-infected patients (50 men and 15 women) in a dedicated 21-bed unit in a long-term-care facility to determine the rate of nosocomial infections. The mean age of the patients was 39 years (range, 22-7...

BACKGROUND Widespread antibiotic use has been associated with increases in both bacterial resistance and nosocomial infection. OBJECTIVE To characterize the impact of hospital-wide clindamycin restriction on the incidence of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and on antimicrobial prescribing practices. DESIGN Prospective, observational cohort study. SETTING University-affiliated Ve...

Recommendations for probiotics are available in several regions. This paper proposes recommendations for probiotics in pediatric gastrointestinal diseases in the Asia-Pacific region. Epidemiology and clinical patterns of intestinal diseases in Asia-Pacific countries were discussed. Evidence-based recommendations and randomized controlled trials in the region were revised. Cultural aspects, heal...

Prompt and precise diagnosis is an important aspect of effective management of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). CDI causes 15%-25% of all cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, the severity of which ranges from mild diarrhea to fulminant pseudomembranous colitis. Several factors, especially advanced age and hospitalization, should be considered in the diagnosis of CDI. In particular, no...

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) are the leading cause of world-wide nosocomial acquired diarrhea. The current main clinical challenge in CDI is the elevated rate of infection recurrence that may reach up to 30% of the patients, which has been associated to the formation of dormant spores during the infection. We sought to characterize the effects of oral administration of specific anti-sp...

This investigation describes the molecular characterization of P[6]G2 rotavirus strains from hospitalized neonates with community-acquired diarrhea (CAD), nosocomial diarrhea (ND), and asymptomatic nosocomial infection (ANI) in Belém, Brazil. Twenty-six rotavirus strains with P[6]G2 genotype were sequenced to genes coding for VP4, VP7, and NSP4 proteins. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP4 gene, i...

BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) sepsis is a fetal disease with rapid progressive shock for infants and children in hospital and in the community, without initial treatment with appropriate antibiotics. Because underlying risk factors remain unclear for affected patients, it is still difficult for early diagnosis and therapy. Recently, ABO blood group antigens were associated w...