[1] Recent work has shown a statistical climatological link between African dust outbreaks and North Atlantic tropical cyclone frequency and intensity. However, a definite causal link between year-to-year changes in African dust and Atlantic tropical cyclones has yet to be proven. Here we show that variability in Atlantic dust cover is linked to changes in tropical cyclone activity through the ...

Multiproxy paleoenvironmental records (pollen and planktonic isotope) from Ocean Drilling Program Site 976 (Alboran Sea) document rapid ocean and climate variations during the last glacial that follow the Dansgaard-Oeschger climate oscillations seen in the Greenland ice core records, thus suggesting a close link of the Mediterranean climate swings with North Atlantic climates. Continental condi...

Energetic, large-scale variability is observed in the atmosphere and ocean of the Atlantic Sector on interannual and decadal time scales. It is manifested as coherent fluctuations in temperature , rainfall, surface pressure and temperature reaching eastward to central Europe and northern Asia, southward to subtropical West Africa and westward to North and South America with a myriad of well doc...

Citation: Taucher J, Bach LT, Boxhammer T, Nauendorf A, The Gran Canaria KOSMOS Consortium, Achterberg EP, Algueró-Muñiz M, Arístegui J, Czerny J, Esposito M, Guan W, Haunost M, Horn HG, Ludwig A, Meyer J, Spisla C, Sswat M, Stange P and Riebesell U (2017) Influence of Ocean Acidification and Deep Water Upwelling on Oligotrophic Plankton Communities in the Subtropical North Atlantic: Insights f...

Climate has undergone both gradual and rapid changes, occurring in the timeframe of decades to millennia. Paleoclimatic research has made links between past abrupt climate change (ACC) events and major changes in North Atlantic thermohaline circulation. Since this ocean circulation system plays a key role in driving climate, remote sensing and space-based applications for studying ACC events in...

This chapter discusses the stability of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation with special emphasis on the critical thresholds and state transitions found in model experiments. The thermohaline ocean circulation is a major heat transport mechanism which causes the relatively mild climate in the North Atlantic region (including Europe) in the modern times. The formation of North Atlantic Deep Wa...

The effect of the position of the Southern Hemisphere subpolar westerly winds (SWWs) on the thermohaline circulation (THC) of the World Ocean is examined. The latitudes of zero wind stress curl position exert a strong control on the distribution of overturning between basins in the Northern Hemisphere. A southward wind shift results in a stronger Atlantic THC and enhanced stratification in the ...

The flow which constitutes the conveyor belt in the Hamburg large-scale geostrophic ocean general circulation model has been investigated with the help of a particle tracking method. In the region of North Atlantic Deep Water formation a thousand trajectories were calculated backward in time to the point where they upwell from the deep ocean. Both the three-dimensional velocity field and convec...

The quantitative role of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export is evaluated by combining DOC measurements with observed water mass transports. In the eastern subpolar North Atlantic, both upper and lower limbs of the AMOC transport high-DOC waters. Deep water formation that connects the two limbs of the AMOC results in a high downward ex...

Millennial-scale climate variability has been increasingly recognized as one of the most prominent features of the Holocene. However, regional responses, especially in terms of moisture conditions, are poorly documented and understood. Here we present lithologic and magnetic evidence from White Lake in northern New Jersey, USA, to show that low lake levels occurred at about 1.3, 3.0, 4.4 and 6....