We derive the late-time behaviour of tilted Bianchi VII 0 cosmologies with an irro-tational radiation fluid as source, and give the asymptotic form of the general solution as t → +∞, making comparisons with the dust-filled models. At first sight the radiation-filled models appear to approximate the flat FL model at late times, since the Hubble-normalized shear and the tilt tend to zero and the ...

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm can be viewed as a series of iterative matrix computation and its population diversity can be considered as an observation of the distribution of matrix elements. In this paper, PSO algorithm is first represented in the matrix format, then the PSO normalized population diversities are defined and discussed based on matrix analysis. Based on the analys...

An innovative prototype sensor containing A36 carbon steel as a capacitor was explored to monitor early-stage corrosion. The sensor detected the changes of the surface- rather than the bulk- property and morphology of A36 during corrosion. Thus it was more sensitive than the conventional electrical resistance corrosion sensors. After being soaked in an aerated 0.2 M NaCl solution, the sensor's ...

We derive the late-time behaviour of tilted Bianchi VII 0 cosmologies with an irro-tational radiation fluid as source, and give the asymptotic form of the general solution as t → +∞, making comparisons with the dust-filled models. At first sight the radiation-filled models appear to approximate the flat FL model at late times, since the Hubble-normalized shear and the tilt tend to zero and the ...

We prove a comparison theorem for the isoperimetric profiles of solutions of the normalized Ricci flow on the two-sphere: If the isoperimetric profile of the initial metric is greater than that of some positively curved axisymmetric metric, then the inequality remains true for the isoperimetric profiles of the evolved metrics. We apply this using the Rosenau solution as the model metric to dedu...

Bayesian networks are parametric models for multidimensional domains exhibiting complex dependencies between the dimensions (domain variables). A central problem in learning such models is how to regularize the number of parameters; in other words, how to determine which dependencies are significant and which are not. The normalized maximum likelihood (NML) distribution or code offers an inform...

Background Vitamin K compounded oral solution costs significantly less on a per-milligram basis compared with tablet formulations. Current literature has shown that international normalized ratio (INR) lowering in the reversal of vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) occurs to a similar degree when using vitamin K oral solution compared with tablet formulations. Objective To compare drug spending on v...

We present optimization models for the problem of simultaneous routing of connections through a symmetric Clos network, and for the problem of minimal rerouting of previously routed connections when a new connection is to be routed. The models can be used as base for solution methods, such as heuristics for rerouting combined with Lagrangean relaxation. These approaches can together give bounds...

Bayesian networks are parametric models for multidimensional domains exhibiting complex dependencies between the dimensions (domain variables). A central problem in learning such models is how to regularize the number of parameters; in other words, how to determine which dependencies are significant and which are not. The normalized maximum likelihood (NML) distribution or code offers an inform...