Growing recognition that the acute health care delivery system contributes proportionally less to health when compared with environment and behavior has focused scholars and public health experts on the need to address nonmedical determinants of health. This paper outlines some steps that the U.S. government can take to address these factors and describes some of the challenges involved. Action...

Background Program goals: To address two prevailing root causes of HIV-related stigma and discrimination in Afghan society: (a) lack of accurate knowledge and information on HIV and (b) misconceptions regarding Islamic principles and cultural beliefs Target audiences: Health workers, youth, prisoners, prison staff members (medical and nonmedical), religious leaders, and media representatives Pr...

Numerous medical and psychiatric conditions can cause agitation; some of these causes are life threatening. It is important to be able to differentiate between medical and nonmedical causes of agitation so that patients can receive appropriate and timely treatment. This article aims to educate all clinicians in nonmedical settings, such as mental health clinics, and medical settings on the diff...

This article examines rates of nonmedical use and diversion of extended-release amphetamine and extended-release oral methylphenidate in the United States. Prescription dispensing data were sourced from retail pharmacies. Nonmedical use data were collected from the Researched Abuse, Diversion and Addiction-Related Surveillance (RADARS) System Drug Diversion Program and Poison Center Program. Dr...

We adopted a societal perspective and included all direct medical costs and benefits regardless of who incurred the costs or received the benefits (1,2). Indirect costs such as the lost productivity associated with cervical cancer mortality (3) and direct nonmedical costs such as patent travel time were not included in this analysis because previous studies of HPV vaccination cost-effectiveness...

This article reflects upon the introduction of nonmedical prescribing in the United Kingdom and describes the historical developments within the National Health Service over the last 2 decades, together with an assessment of the impact of this prescribing for various stakeholders, drawing upon relevant research. We argue that a number of issues are associated with the introduction and developme...

BACKGROUND In 2010, 9120 cases of pertussis were reported in California, more than any year since 1947. Although this resurgence has been widely attributed to waning immunity of the acellular vaccine, the role of vaccine refusal has not been explored in the published literature. Many factors likely contributed to the outbreak, including the cyclical nature of pertussis, improved diagnosis, and ...

this article studied cultural factors influencing the choice of spouse in a samlpe of 300 students of iran university of medical sciences, 59.1% being medical students and the rest nonmedical. the average age of the sample was 21.6. results showed that there was a significant difference between the two sesex regarding the age of marriage, and all of them agreed that engagement s essential. temp...

Because these practices are ethically controversial, clinics are encouraged to develop and make available their policies on the provision of nonmedical sex selection, and to accommodate their employees' decisions about whether or not to participate in such treatment. Practitioners offering assisted reproductive services are under no ethical obligation to provide or refuse to provide nonmedicall...