Interest in clinical fetal electrocardiography dates back to 1906 when Cremer4 published two tracings apparently showing fetal deflections of about 0.5 mm. amplitude superimposed on the maternal electrocardiogram of a nine-months gravid woman. The records were obtained with a string galvanometer electrocardiograph with one lead on the abdomen and one in the vagina. During the next 25 years Foa7...

BACKGROUND The micro waveform of His bundle potential can't be recorded beat-to-beat on surface electrocardiogram yet. We have found that the micro-wavelets before QRS complex may be related to atrioventricular conduction system potentials. This study is to explore the possibility of His bundle potential can be noninvasively recorded on surface electrocardiogram. METHODS We randomized 65 pati...

Monitoring the fetal heart rate (FHR) throughout pregnancy empowers the clinician to diagnose fetal well being, characterize fetal development and detect abnormality (Freeman et al. 2003). A non-invasive and low cost system would enable monitoring of normal pregnancies and promote large population studies of fetal physiological development (Freeman et al. 2003). FHR monitoring is an ongoing obs...

The discovery of cell-free fetal nucleic acids in maternal plasma has opened up new possibilities for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. Over the last few years, a number of approaches have been demonstrated to allow such circulating fetal nucleic acids to be used for the prenatal detection of chromosomal aneuploidies. One such approach involves the enrichment of fetal DNA, such as by size fractio...

risk of HDFN, which can cause fetal anemia, hydrops, and intrauterine fetal death. Babies born with HDFN are at significant risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality [1,2]. Prenatal detection of the fetal RhD status in a pregnant woman with RhD-negative provides useful information for predicting the risk of HDFN and Noninvasive fetal RHD genotyping using cell-free fetal DNA incorporating fetal R...

Five randomized controlled trials have been published on intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring with ST analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram, but the debate on its usefulness has not yet been ended. We consider ST analysis a useful and cost-effective addition to conventional fetal heart rate monitoring. We will provide support for this opinion by discussing the pathophysiology of ST changes...

the first step in the prenatal diagnosis of x-linked genetic disorders is determining fetus gender. current invasive methods to obtain the dna source of the fetus instead of its miscarriage risk, has harmful stress for high risk pregnancies. cell free fetal dna (cffdna) circulating in the maternal blood, has now become a useful source of noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. considering limitation of...

Fetal cells circulate in maternal blood and are considered a suitable means by which to detect fetal genetic and chromosomal abnormalities. This approach has the advantage of being noninvasive. Since the early 1990s, nucleated erythrocytes (NRBCs) have been considered good target cells for a number of techniques, including fluorescence-activated cell sorting and magnetic cell sorting, using ant...

t u e t Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis using cell-free fetal DNA in the maternal plasma is moving into routine clinical practice for some indications. Here we discuss exciting developments in noninvasive prenatal diagnosis for aneuploidy afforded by recent publications, including 2 papers published in this journal, and highlight some of the issues that need to be considered before these tests c...