BACKGROUND Despite economic growth and improved health outcomes over the past few decades, China still experiences striking urban-rural health inequalities. Urban and rural residents distinguished by the hukou system may experience profound disparities because of institutional effect. The aim of this study is to estimate trends in urban-rural disparities in self-care, outpatient care, and inpat...

BACKGROUND In 2010, there were ~ 36 million migrant children under 18 y old in China. This study compared patterns of myopia prevalence and progression between migrant and resident children. METHODS Eight hundred forty-two migrant children from 2 migrant schools and 1081 from 2 local schools in Baoshan District, Shanghai, were randomly chosen. Baseline measurements were taken on children in g...

Water levels and water extents are essential information in flood monitoring and forecasting. Two experimental and complementary ways were explored in order to estimate water level and water extent and forecast them: 1) The estimation of water level through combining water extents derived from earth observation data with elevation from a Digital Elevation Model; 2) The estimation of flood exten...

This paper examines the sources of earnings disparities between rural migrants and local workers in urban China’s labor markets, with special attention to the role played by the household registration (hukou) status in occupational segregation. Using data from the population mini-census of China in 2005, we show that rural migrants’ earnings disadvantages are largely attributable to occupationa...

Intergenerational support is important throughout the individual life course and a major mechanism of cultural continuity. In this study, we analyse support between older parents and their adult children among international migrant and non-migrant populations in North, Centre and Southern Europe. Data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe are used to compare upward and down...

China's fertility rate is below replacement level. The government is attempting to increase this rate by relaxing the one-child policy. China faces a possible tradeoff because further urbanization is needed to raise incomes but may reduce future fertility. We decompose China's rural-urban fertility gaps using both de facto and de jure criteria for defining the urban population. The fertility-de...

The Chinese household registration system (hukou), which divides the population into "agricultural" and "nonagricultural" sectors, may be the most important determinant of differential privileges in state socialist China, determining access to good jobs, education for one's children, housing, health care, and even the right to move to a city. Transforming one's hukou status from rural to urban ...

This paper assesses the impacts of China’s internal migration on its economic growth and urban development in the reform era. Reform of the household registration system (hukou system), a remnant of the prior planned economy, plays a vital role in China’s labor mobility and has largely contributed to its economic growth and urbanization. The unfinished hukou system reform and institutional barr...

BACKGROUND Ireland is heavily reliant on non-EU migrant health workers to staff its health system. Shortages of locally trained health workers and policies which facilitate health worker migration have contributed to this trend. This paper provides insight into the experiences of non-EU migrant doctors in the Irish health workforce. METHOD In-depth interviews were conducted with 37 non-EU mig...