Alcohol beverages prior to White contact originated with the Mayan and the Aztec Nations and spread to the American Indians of the Southwest. Surprisingly, there are a number of accounts of alcohol use among other American Indians and Alaska Natives. Beverages were limited to wine and beer, and included: balche, pulque, and "haren a pitahaya" wines, tulpi beer and other beverages. White contact...

OBJECTIVE Bond failure of brackets during orthodontic treatment is a common problem; which results in treatment interference, increased treatment time and prolonged clinical time for rebonding of failed brackets. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Coca-Cola and a non-alcoholic beer on the shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index (ARI) of orthodontic metal brackets in...

Because of an epidemiologic association of decreased risk of death from ischemic heart disease with moderate use of alcoholic beverages, and because numerous abnormalities found in people with ischemic heart disease are also found in animals deficient in copper, rats were fed a diet deficient in copper and were given either beer or water to drink. Rats drinking beer lived nearly six times as lo...

UNLABELLED Alcohol is known to cause damage to the gastric epithelium independently of gastric acid secretion. Different alcoholic beverages exert different damaging effects in the stomach. However, this has not been systematically evaluated. Moreover, it is not known whether the non-alcoholic components of alcoholic beverages also play a role in the pathogenesis of gastric epithelial cell dama...

Beer Industry Myth: Forty‐four percent of the retail price of beer is now consumed by taxes. Consumer and Public Health Reality: The ʺ44 percentʺ calculation deceptively includes sales tax, federal income and payroll taxes, state and local income, payroll and other levies. The federal excise tax on beer amounts to only about a nickel per drink ‐‐ less than seven percent of the average price of ...

Drinking games, while a fun activities, can lead to memory leaks if performed to excess. In particular the Power Hour, in which a shot of beer is drunk every minute for an hour, may be modified to allow potentially arbitrarily customizably safely enjoyable consumption. We sketch some known solutions and avenues for future research. ALSO WE ARE DRINKING RIGHT NOW AND THIS PAPER WAS COMPLETED IN ...

STUDY OBJECTIVE To examine the relation between alcohol and main alcoholic beverage consumption and subjective health in Spain. DESIGN Logistic regression analysis using a cross sectional survey based on self reported data on alcohol and alcoholic beverage consumption, subjective health and the principal confounding factors (age, sex, civil status, educational level, job status, social suppor...

6-Phenylethyl alcohol and 6-phenylethyl acetate have rose-like flavors and are yery important aroma components of higher boiling points in various alcoholic beverages, 6Phenylethyl alcohol exists in fairly large quantity in various alcoholic beverages, e.g., 40-60 ppm in sake, 1O-I5 ppm in whisky, 15-20 ppm in beer, 5-6 ppm in brandy, and 30-40 ppm in shouchu,i) We expected that the increase of

BACKGROUND Ethanol's ability to inhibit gluconeogenesis might reduce postprandial glycemia in realistic meal settings. OBJECTIVE The objective was to explore the effect of 3 types of alcoholic beverages consumed alone, with a meal, or 1 h before a meal on postprandial glycemia in healthy subjects. DESIGN In study 1, isoenergetic (1000 kJ) servings of beer, white wine, and gin were compared ...