Plotkin’s style of Structural Operational Semantics (SOS) has become a de facto standard in giving operational semantics to formalisms and process calculi. In many such formalisms and calculi, the concepts of names, variables and binders are essential ingredients. In this paper, we propose a formal framework for dealing with names in SOS. The framework is based on the Nominal Logic of Gabbay an...

Recursive relational specifications are commonly used to describe the computational structure of formal systems. Recent research in proof theory has identified two features that facilitate direct, logic-based reasoning about such descriptions: the interpretation of atomic judgments through recursive definitions and an encoding of binding constructs via generic judgments. However, logics encompa...

Nominal rewriting is based on the observation that if we add support for alphaequivalence to first-order syntax using the nominal-set approach, then systems with binding, including higher-order features such as lambda-calculus beta-reduction, can be smoothly represented. Nominal rewriting maintains a strict distinction between variables of the objectlanguage (atoms) and of the meta-language (va...

We show that reaching for yield—a tendency to take more risk when the real interest rate declines while premium remains constant—results from imposing a sustainable spending constraint on an otherwise standard infinitely lived investor with power utility. When is initially low, yield intensifies. The also affects response of risk-taking change in premium, which can even sign. In variant model w...

Background and objectives: Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a herbaceous and a small shrub of the Compositae family. It is native to certain regions of South America. Since 1970s, Stevia extracts have been extensively used in many countries as a sugar substitute. Stevia is cultivated in many countries: Paraguay, USA, Mexico, Central America, Japan, China,...

ao"length of opening dh, dl"distance from top of steel section to centroid of concrete force at high and low moment ends of the opening, respectively dr"distance from outside edge of flange to centroid of reinforcement *b"maximum bending deflection for unperforated beam *m,b"maximum bending deflection for a member with an opening Fy"yield stress of steel FM y"reduced axial strength of steel in ...

We analyse the relationship between nominal algebra and nominal rewriting, giving a new and concise presentation of equational deduction in nominal theories. With some new results, we characterise a subclass of equational theories for which nominal rewriting provides a complete procedure to check nominal algebra equality. This subclass includes specifications of lambda-calculus and first-order ...