In this study, we determined the crystal structure of N-terminal importin-β-binding domain (IBB)-truncated human importin-α1 (ΔIBB-h-importin-α1) at 2.63 Å resolution. The crystal structure of ΔIBB-h-importin-α1 reveals a novel closed homodimer. The homodimer exists in an autoinhibited state in which both the major and minor nuclear localization signal (NLS) binding sites are completely buried ...

Promyelocyte leukemia‑retinoic acid receptor α (PML‑RARα) is known as a fusion gene of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Previous studies have reported that neutrophil elastase (NE) cleaves PML‑RARα in early myeloid cells, which leads to the removal of the nuclear localization signal (NLS) in PML and increases the incidence of APL. The resultant PML without the NLS is termed PML(NLS‑). The ai...

Neuroligins (NLs) are postsynaptic transmembrane cell-adhesion proteins that play a key role in the regulation of excitatory and inhibitory synapses. Previous in vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that NLs contribute to synapse formation and synaptic transmission. Consistent with their localization, NL1 and NL3 selectively affect excitatory synapses, whereas NL2 specifically affects inhib...

Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA Protein structure prediction codes based on the associative memory Hamiltonian were used to probe the binding modes between the nuclear localization signal (NLS) polypeptide of NF-κB and the inhibitors IκBα and IκBβ. Experimentally, it is known that the NLS polypeptide is unstructured in the...

Usage of DNA vaccination has been limited by inefficient cellular expression of plasmid constructs used in DNA vaccines. We describe a novel system for enhancing delivery of DNA vaccine plasmids into cells and their nuclei. This delivery system uses recombinant reovirus type 3 sigma1 attachment protein genetically modified with a nuclear localization sequence (sigma1-NLS) as a targeting ligand....

Deep-water, narrow-banded wavetrains of uniform amplitude propagating in one horizontal dimension were shown to be unstable to small perturbations with nearly the same frequency and direction about 40 years ago. More recently, interactions of two narrow-banded wavetrains of uniform amplitude propagating in arbitrary directions were shown to be similarly unstable. In both cases, the instabilitie...

A class of inhomogeneous nonlinear Schrödinger equations (NLS), claiming to be novel integrable systems with rich properties continues appearing in PhysRev and PRL. All such equations are shown to be not new but equivalent to the standard NLS, which trivially explains their integrability features. PACS no: 02.30.Ik , 04.20.Jb , 05.45.Yv , 02.30.Jr Time and again various forms of inhomogeneous n...

Stroke is a non-communicable disease of increasing socioeconomic importance in aging populations. This study compared the risk factors implicated in two subtypes of ischemic stroke: lacunar stroke (LS) and non-lacunar stroke (NLS). A retrospective case control study was conducted on a total of 368 patients [220 cases (59.8%) of NLS and 148 cases (40.2%) of LS] with first-time onset of ischemic ...

The Rous sarcoma virus Gag protein undergoes transient nuclear trafficking during virus assembly. Nuclear import is mediated by a nuclear targeting sequence within the MA domain. To gain insight into the role of nuclear transport in replication, we investigated whether addition of a "classical " nuclear localization signal (NLS) in Gag would affect virus assembly or infectivity. A bipartite NLS...

Normalization Layers (NLs) are widely used in modern deep-learning architectures. Despite their apparent simplicity, effect on optimization is not yet fully understood. This paper introduces a spherical framework to study the of neural networks with NLs from geometric perspective. Concretely, radial invariance groups parameters, such as filters for convolutional networks, allows translate steps...