In the immature brain, ethanol impairs insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and other trophic factor signaling, increases cellular stress, and impairs neuronal and glial functions. However, given the phenotypic heterogeneity of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), which is not always ethanol dose-dependent, we hypothesized that cofactors modulate spectrum and severity of disease. Herein...

This study was designed to explore the mechanism of Huaier anticancer effects on experimental hepatocellular cancer (HCC) development. Seventy five rats were divided into 5 groups, administered N-nitrosodiethylamine (groups B, C, D and E) or natural saline (group A). Rats in group C and E were also given Huaier. At the 15 week sacrifice point, the HCC incidence of group C was lower than group c...

In a previous paper [Lim, Park, Jee, Lee and Paik (1999) J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 125, 493-499], we showed two major forms of active DNA-6-O-methylguanine:protein-L-cysteine S-methyltransferase (MGMT; EC 2.1.1.63) in the liver with N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN)-induced carcinogenesis: these were 26 and 24 kDa species. Here we show that a 2 kDa C-terminal fragment was cleaved from the 26 kDa sp...

Dietary deprivation of fat in male Swiss mice for 6 weeks resulted in a decrease in cytochrome c-reductase (Cyt. c-red.) activity without alteration of the activities of arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), aminopyrene demethylase (APD), and cytochrome P-450 (Cyt. P-450) in the liver, whereas levels of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were significantly increased by f...

Neuroendocrine lung cancer is among the most common types of lung cancers in smokers. We have recently shown that exposure of hamsters to N-nitrosodiethylamine and hyperoxia causes a high incidence of this tumor type. In this study, we show that the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone also causes neuroendocrine lung tumors in hyperoxic hamsters. Animals m...

We report that HMGN1, a nucleosome-binding protein that affects chromatin structure and function, affects the growth of N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN)-induced liver tumors. Following a single DEN injection at 2 weeks of age, Hmgn1 mice, lacking the nucleosome-binding domain of HMGN1, had earlier signs of liver tumorigenesis than theirHmgn1þ/þ littermates. Detailed gene expression profiling reveale...

UNLABELLED We report that HMGN1, a nucleosome-binding protein that affects chromatin structure and function, affects the growth of N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN)-induced liver tumors. Following a single DEN injection at 2 weeks of age, Hmgn1(tm1/tm1) mice, lacking the nucleosome-binding domain of HMGN1, had earlier signs of liver tumorigenesis than their Hmgn1(+/+) littermates. Detailed gene expre...

CYP2A6, a member of the cytochrome P450 (P450) family, is one of the enzymes responsible for the metabolism of therapeutic drugs and such tobacco components as nicotine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, and N-nitrosodiethylamine. Genetic polymorphisms in CYP2A6 are associated with individual variation in smoking behavior, drug toxicities, and the risk of developing several cancer...