Introduction: Neurodegeneration is a process that is characterized by the loss of neuronal structure and function and eventually ends with neuronal death. An elevated level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is suggested to accompany this process by inducing oxidative and nitrosative damage. Vitamin D is reported to protect glial cells against neurotoxicity via suppressing iNOS synthesis...

In all eukaryotic kingdoms, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play critical roles in cellular responses to environmental cues. These MAPKs are activated by phosphorylation at highly conserved threonine and tyrosine residues in response to specific inputs, leading to their accumulation in the nucleus and the activation of their downstream targets. A specific MAP kinase can regulate diffe...

It is widely accepted that a critical factor in determining neuronal death during cerebral ischemia is the progressive accumulation of intracellular Na ([Na ]i) and Ca ([Ca ]i) ions, which can precipitate necrosis and apoptosis of vulnerable neurons. Whereas the detrimental action of [Na ]i increase is attributable to both cell swelling and microtubular disorganization—2 phenomena that lead to ...

Bacteria use a number of mechanisms for coping with the toxic effects exerted by nitric oxide (NO) and its derivatives. Here we show that the flavohemoglobin encoded by the hmp gene has a vital role in an adaptive response to protect the soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis from nitrosative stress. We further show that nitrosative stress induced by the nitrosonium cation donor sodium nitroprusside ...

Melatonin is an endogenous indoleamine present in different tissues, cellular compartments and organelles including mitochondria. When melatonin is administered orally, it is readily available to the brain where it counteracts different processes that occur during aging and age-related neurodegenerative disorders. These aging processes include oxidative stress and oxidative damage, chronic and ...

Oxidative-nitrosative stress may play a role in age-associated cardiovascular disease as implied by recent studies.However, limited research has been conducted using aged female rodent models. In this study, we examined hearts obtained from 6-, 26-, and 30-month old female Fischer 344/Nnia x Brown Norway/BiNia (F344xBN) rats in order to examine how aging affects levels of cardiac oxidative-nitr...

Appropriate timing of treatment assumes particular importance in critical care. Lange and colleagues recently reported on the time course of the different nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms, nitrosative stress, and poly(ADP-ribosylation) during Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia-induced ovine septic shock. Initially, endothelial NOS expression was increased together with markers of peroxynitrit...

OBJECTIVE To determine the level of oxygen-nitrogen stress parameters in the pathogenesis of amebiasis. METHODS Twenty-four acute intestinal amebiasis patients and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in the present study. Serum malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels were determined spectrophotometrically. RESULTS Serum malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels were significantly higher in acut...