Organophosphate compounds, which are widely used as pesticides and chemical warfare agents, are cholinesterase inhibitors. These synthetic compounds are resistant to natural degradation and threaten the environment. We constructed a strain of Pseudomonas putida that can efficiently degrade a model organophosphate, paraoxon, and use it as a carbon, energy, and phosphorus source. This strain was ...

Methyl parathion (MP), an organophosphate pesticide, was sprayed illegally for pest control in U.S. residences and businesses in Mississippi and Ohio. To evaluate the association between MP exposure and neurobehavioral development, children 6 years of age or younger at the time of the spraying and local comparison groups of unexposed children were assessed using the pediatric environmental neur...

Enzyme activities have been used as indicators of soil quality and changes in biogeochemical function due to management or perturbations. The objective of this study was to answer a number of methodological questions regarding sampling schemes, sample handling recommendations, and assay procedures to facilitate the use of enzyme assays in the tropical highlands of East Africa. We used paranitro...

1,1-Dichloroethylene (DCE) exposure evokes lung toxicity with selective damage to bronchiolar Clara cells. Recent in vitro studies have implicated CYP2E1 and CYP2F2 in the bioactivation of DCE to 2-S-glutathionyl acetate [C], a putative conjugate of DCE epoxide with glutathione. An objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that bioactivation of DCE is catalyzed by both CYP2E1 and CYP2F...

A new, rapid, sensitive, selective and portable fluorescence detection method for nitroaromatics based on polymer dots (Pdots) had been successfully developed not only in aqueous media but also in the solid state with test strips. The fluorescence quenching rates were proportional to the concentrations of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) in the range of 0.2-20.0 μg mL(-1) and p-nitrophenol (PNP) in t...

The superfamily of sulfotransferase (SULT) enzymes catalyzes the sulfate conjugation of several pharmacologically important endo- and xenobiotics. SULT1A1 catalyzes the sulfation of small planar phenols such as neurotransmitters, steroid hormones, acetaminophen, and p-nitrophenol (PNP). Genetic polymorphisms in the human SULT1A1 gene define three alleles, SULT1A1*1, *2, and *3. The enzyme activ...

This work presents novel colorimetric methods not only to measure 3'-phospho adenosine 5'-phosphate (PAP) and 3'-phospho adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) in the range of picomoles, but also to determine the purity of PAPS or PAP contaminants in PAPS in the range of nanomoles. These methods exploit the availability of overexpressed phenol sulfotransferase (PST) and the fact that sulfuryl group...

Liver microsomal cytochrome P4502E1-dependent p-nitrophenol (PNP) hydroxylation and expression of cytochrome P4502E1 were studied in rats subjected to gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCCH) or L-3,3,5-triiodothyronine (T3) administration as a possible mechanism contributing to superoxide radical (O2.-) generation. HCCH treatment (a single dose of 40 mg/kg body wt) produced a 43% increase in the con...

In this work, prawn shell was studied as raw material for the production of mesoporous adsorbents via hydrocarbonization, studying the effect of temperature and time on the process reactivity and final characteristics of the hydrochars. By suitable characterization technique analyses (N2 adsorption at 77 K, SEM observation, ultimate analysis, surface composition), the materials were examined. I...

Nineteen plants from Fabaceae family, which were used in Thai traditional medicine for treatment of diabetes, were determined of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity via enzymatic reaction. In this reaction, α-glucosidase was used as enzyme, which, reacted with the substrate, p-nitrophenol-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG). After that the product, p-nitro phenol (pNP) will be occurred and observed the yell...