Several studies have assessed the effects of nitrogenous compounds on amphibian behavior. However, few have focused on the effects of their combination with other stressors or on the variation of the response to pollutants among populations. We analyzed the effect of nitrogenous compounds (NH(4)(+); NO(2)(-); NO(3)(-), both alone and in combination) on larval behavior (activity level and locati...

Studies of the chemical alterations in muscle, associated with its activity, have been well summarized by Eggleton1", Meyerhof97, and Milroy"'0. Such summaries naturally include a discussion of only those substances which have been shown to take part in the metabolic changes. As the first demonstration of chemical change with muscle activity concerned the change of glycogen to lactic acid, it w...

Ammonia (NH3) is produced from atmospheric nitrogen and hydrogen from a hydrocarbon source. Natural gas is the most commonly used hydrocarbon feedstock for new plants; other feedstocks that have been used include naphtha, oil, and gasified coal. Natural gas is favored over the other feedstocks from an environmental perspective. Ammonia production from natural gas includes the following processe...

The potential effects of dietary supplementation with ?-1,3 glucan and fructooligosaccharides (?-1,3 GF) on antioxidant activities, immunological response, growth performance Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) was investigated. Four diets (iso-energetic iso-nitrogenous) different levels GF (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 g kg?1) were fed to healthy juveniles weighing 3 ± 0.5 for 75 days. Shrimps ran...

Pollution by nitrogenous compounds is a putative stressful factor that may be causally linked to the decline of amphibians. One way to understand the potentially detrimental consequences of eutrophication on amphibian populations is to investigate variation among populations differing in exposure to nitrogen, this variation potentially indicating evolutionary potential to cope with this stresso...

Now the replacement of fish oil (FO) with vegetable oils (VOs) has been broadly applied in aquatic feed, but studies reported that there were negative effects on growth, skin color, flavor and muscle texture. A 10-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate dietary mixed bile acids (BA) growth performance, body composition, digestive enzyme activities, color flesh quality juvenile large yel...

Abstract The aim of this research communication was to examine the effect dietary supplementation with wheat-based dried distillers’ grains solubles (DDGS), a by-product bioethanol production, on yield, composition, and fatty acid (FA) profile ewe milk. Forty-five purebred mid-lactating Chios ewes (average milk yield 2.23 kg/d in 96 ± 5 d lactation) were offered three iso-nitrogenous iso-energe...

Two major nitrogenous waste products, urea and ammonium (NH(4)(+)), are produced in humans when proteins are oxidized, and in this manuscript their excretions are examined from two perspectives. First, the specific physiology of each nitrogenous waste is reviewed and the current dogmas summarized. Second, their excretions are considered in the context of integrative physiology, i.e. the need to...