Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species are biological molecules that play important roles in cardiovascular physiology and contribute to disease initiation, progression, and severity. Because of their ephemeral nature and rapid reactivity, these species are difficult to measure directly with high accuracy and precision. In this statement, we review current methods for measuring t...

To simulate emissions of nitrogen-containing compounds in practical combustion environments, it is necessary to have accurate values for their thermochemical parameters, as well as accurate kinetic values to describe the rates of their formation and decomposition. Significant disparity is observed in the literature for the former, and we therefore present herein high-accuracy ab initio gas-phas...

Acquisition and allocation of resources in response to elevated CO2 and nitrogen fertilization in two perennial C3 grasses Hannah Abigail Kinmonth-Schultz Chairperson of the Supervisory Committee: Assistant Professor Soo-Hyung Kim College of Forest Resources Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) have increased over the last century, likely due to human activity, and will likely con...

Nitric oxide is a cellular messenger produced by different cell types in an organism, both in physiological and pathological conditions (Snyder 1993; Beckman and Koppenol 1996; Beckman and Koppenol 1996; Beckman 1996; Colasanti and Suzuki 2000; Pacher, Beckman, and Liaudet 2007). Nitric oxide was first described in biology as the endothelium-derived relaxation factor for its effects on vasodila...

Reactive species or free radicals include reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that are called reactive oxygen nitrogen species. Reactive oxygen species are formed as a natural by-product of the normal metabolism of oxygen and have significant roles in cell signaling and homeostasis. The reactive oxygen species are generated as a byproduct of biochemical reactions, in mitochondria, peroxisomes,...

We followed species richness, colonizations, extirpations, and turnover for eight years in 16 combinations of disturbance and nitrogen addition applied to a 30-yr-old Minnesota field. Four levels each of disturbance and nitrogen were applied in a completely factorial design, producing 16 treatments. There were four replicates of most treatments and 14 replicates of the four extreme treatments (...

Ingested Vibrio cholerae pass through the stomach and colonize the small intestines of its host. Here, we show that V. cholerae requires at least two types of DNA repair systems to efficiently compete for colonization of the infant mouse intestine. These results show that V. cholerae experiences increased DNA damage in the murine gastrointestinal tract. Agreeing with this, we show that passage ...

ROS (reactive oxygen species) and RNS (reactive nitrogen species) are central to the innate immunity that protects us from infection, but also contribute to degenerative diseases and possibly aging. However, ROS and RNS are increasingly recognized to contribute to physiological signalling. This review briefly describes the main interactions between ROS and RNS and shows how their origins, chemi...