Four, ruminally fistulated crossbred (Brahman×native) beef cattle with initial body weight of 420±15 kg were randomly assigned according to a 4×4 Latin square design. The dietary treatments were mulberry leaf pellet (MUP) supplementation at 0, 200, 400 and 600 g/hd/d with rice straw fed to allow ad libitum intake. All steers were kept in individual pens and supplemented with concentrate at 5 g/...

The in vivo digestibility, the rates of fermentation and passage and the rumen fermentation pattern were compared in ̃ Granadina goats and Segurena wethers fed alfalfa hay (AH), alfalfa hay/sugar beet pulp, 4:1 (AH/SB) and alfalfa hay/sugar beet pulp /oat grain, 3:1:1 (AH/SB/OG) at approximately maintenance level. The animals were at stall and no selectivity was practised. The nylon bag techniqu...

The objectives were to compare the ability of various rumen microbial fractions to reduce nitrate and to assess the effect of nitrate on in vitro fermentation characteristics. Physical and chemical methods were used to differentiate the rumen microbial population into the following fractions: whole rumen fluid (WRF), protozoa (Pr), bacteria (Ba), and fungi (Fu). The three nitrogen substrate tre...

Two experiments using six rumen-fistulated Holstein steers in 3 X 3 Latin square designs were conducted to test the effects of urea addition to corn silage, and grain addition to haylage, on feed intake, digestibility of nutrients and rumen fermentation of complete diets fed once daily. Addition of .34 and .68% urea to corn silage increased dietary crude protein from 8.1 to 11.3 and 13.3%, and ...

BACKGROUND This study compares the prevalence rates of comorbidities between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and non-COPD control patients reported in literature. METHOD Literature was searched in several electronic databases. After the selection of studies by following précised eligibility criteria, meta-analyses of odds ratios (ORs) were carried out with subgroup and sensitivit...

That microbial fermentation in the rumen can progress without added amino acids, peptides or proteins was elegantly demonstrated by Virtanen (1966) who maintained lactating dairy cows for prolonged periods on purified diets with urea as the only N source. However, there have also been numerous studies which have demonstrated benefits of feeding pre-formed amino acids, either as free amino acids...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation of phytoecdysteroids (PEDS) extracted from Cyanotis arachnoidea on rumen fermentation, enzymes activity and microbial efficiency in a dual flow continuous-culture system. A single-factor experimental design was used with twelve fermenters in 4 groups with 3 replicates each. Fermenters were incubated for a total of 7 days...

This study was done to investigate the nutritive value of Festocaovina, Agrostisgiganta and Avena sativa using sheep rumen and feces liquor as sources of micro-organism through gas production method. Rumen and feces liquor were collected from three fistulated sheep. Rangeland species sampling was randomly conducted from different areas of Guilan province. All the collected samples were initiall...

In a balanced incomplete block design, two dry Holstein cows were used to investigate the effect of β 1-4 galactooligosaccharides (GOS) supplementation on nitrogen (N) utilization, rumen fermentation and microbial N supply in the rumen. During the experiment, cows were fed four diets: orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) silage (OS), OS with GOS supplementation (OSG), OS mixed with alfalfa (Med...