Scientific publishing began in 1665 with the inauguration of the Journal des sçavans in France and the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society in England. These enterprises established the pattern that has endured to the present: that of a learned publication, financed privately, which shared knowledge within a select circle. By recording a date of publication, claims of scientific prio...

New World monkeys are the nonhuman primates of South and Central America. Because almost all of their evolutionary history took place on the island continent of South America without competition from other primates, and most likely in a strictly arboreal setting, the character of their adaptation is unique. Fossils and molecules indicate the major lineages are long enduring, having attained div...

Written in 1931 and published the following year, Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World is a dystopian—or anti-utopian—novel. In it, the author questions the values of 1931 London, using satire and irony to portray a futuristic world in which many of the contemporary trends in British and American society have been taken to extremes. Though he was already a best-selling author, Huxley achieved intern...

this problem that the world of islam infront of european dynamic modernism is a static unit,has been the base of different hypothesis of the relation of islam and modernity. this issues are repeated that the islamic world be on principle excluded from the history of modern times, because it is bound to a religion which has not traversed the european politico-ideologicalprocess,thus it is a pre-...

In 1995, you could still find, in the opening paragraphs of manuscripts and grant applications from my lab and others, the phrase “In the absence of a crystal structure for the ribosome....,” by way of rationalizing any number of biochemical studies aimed at figuring out the three-dimensional locations of things inside the ribosome, and ultimately its mechanism. We no longer have this excuse. T...

This spring sees two major anniversaries in the colonial history of Europe: Britain is commemorating the 200th anniversary of the abolition of its until then lucrative but cruel slave trade, and the US marks the 400th anniversary of the first permanent European settlement in Jamestown. The British Museum is also showing a collection of paintings and illustrations it holds, which represent the f...

ions. He thus rejected any systematization of theology based on abstractions. He was interested in factual plurality in the world. So, he only accepted the Catholic theological teachings in the realm of faith. Nominalism New World Encyclopedia http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Nominalism 2 of 7 1/31/2014 6:09 PM Gabriel Biel (c. 1420-1495), a follower of the nominalism of William of Ock...