There is no longer any doubt that sick new-born, and in particular premature-born, infants suffer immediate, but also long-term negative effects as a result of the pain and stress they experience during their hospital stay. It was first shown by Anand and Hickey in the late the 1980s that the outcome after cardiac surgery performed on new-borns was much improved if an opioid was added to the tr...

BACKGROUND Military professionals who deploy to combat operations may encounter hazards that could adversely affect reproductive health. Pregnant women are generally exempt from deployment to military operations; however, exposures to such environments may inadvertently occur. We investigated whether maternal deployment during pregnancy was associated with adverse health outcomes in infants. ...

PROBLEM/CONDITION Since the first U.S. infant conceived with assisted reproductive technology (ART) was born in 1981, both the use of ART and the number of fertility clinics providing ART services have increased steadily in the United States. ART includes fertility treatments in which eggs or embryos are handled in the laboratory (i.e., in vitro fertilization [IVF] and related procedures). Wome...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Infants born preterm are significantly lighter and shorter on reaching term equivalent age (TEA) than are those born at term, but the relation with body composition is less clear. We conducted a systematic review to assess the body composition at TEA of infants born preterm. METHODS The databases MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, HMIC, "Web of Science," and "CSA Conference Pap...

OBJECTIVE To study whether infant weight for gestational age, and gestational age predict mother- and father-rated infant temperament (IBQ) at 6 months. METHODS The sample comprised of family units with both biological parents and infants born at term (n = 152). Data on weight and gestational age were collected form obstetric database. RESULTS Infants born small for gestational age (SGA) (w...

OBJECTIVE To assess changes in survival for infants born before 26 completed weeks of gestation. DESIGN Prospective cohort study in a geographically defined population. SETTING Former Trent health region of the United Kingdom. SUBJECTS All infants born at 22+0 to 25+6 weeks' gestation to mothers living in the region. Terminations were excluded but all other births of babies alive at the o...

During the large epidemic of serogroups A and C meningococcal disease in Brazil, we studied the immunologic response to meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine in infants born to women vaccinated during pregnancy. Radioimmunoassay serum levels against serogroups A and C polysaccharide were more than threefold higher in vaccinated than in unvaccinated women at delivery. Cord blood levels were also ...

OBJECTIVE To compare the survival and short term morbidity of all New Zealand very low birthweight (VLBW) infants born in two epochs, 1986 and 1998-1999. SETTING All level III and level II neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in New Zealand. METHODS In 1986, data were prospectively collected for a study of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). In 1998-1999, prospective data were collected by t...

INTRODUCTION Immune response to vaccination in infants born prematurely may be lower than in infants born at full-term. Some clinical factors might be associated with humoral immune response. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to compare the immune response to measles and varicella vaccination in infants born prematurely with those born at full-term and to analyze factors associated...