objective: sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia (drg) undergo apoptosis after peripheral nerve injury. the aim of this study was to investigate sensory neuron death and the mechanism involved in the death of these neurons in cultured drg. materials and methods: in this experimental study, l5 drg from adult mouse were dissected and incubated in culture medium for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. fresh...

Dopamine D1 receptors play an important role in the effects of cocaine. Here, we investigated neurons which express these (D1-neurons) acute locomotor cocaine and sensitization observed after a second injection this drug, using previously established two-injection protocol sensitization. We inhibited D1-neurons double transgenic mice conditionally expressing inhibitory Gi-coupled designer recep...

introduction: although formalin-induced activity in primary afferent fibers and spinal dorsal ‎horn is well described, the midbrain neural basis underlying each phase of behavior in ‎formalin test has not been clarified. the present study was designed to investigate the nucleus ‎cuneiformis (cnf)‎‏ ‏neuronal responses during two phases after subcutaneous injection of ‎formalin into the hind paw...

background: axotomy causes sensory neuronal loss. reconnection of proximal and distal nerve ends by surgical repair improves neuronal survival. it is important to know the morphology of primary sensory neurons after the surgical repair of their peripheral processes. methods: animals (male wistar rats) were exposed to models of sciatic nerve transection, direct epineurial suture repair of sciati...

introduction: gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (gnih) has been known as a key inhibitor of the secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh). ewe has estrous cycles comprising of follicular and luteal phases. follicular phase is in turn divided into proestrous and estrous phases. blood level of lh increases in follicular and decreases in luteal phases. the aim of the present study was to ev...

more than 30% of iran's land is formed from mountainous areas. so each year, landslides cause damages to structures, residential areas and forests, creating sedimentation, muddy floods and finally deposit the sediments in reservoir dams. therefore, for preventing of this damages and expressing the sensitivity rate of hillslopes, landslide hazard zonation is considered in prone areas. the p...

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is known to play a role in experience-dependent plasticity of the developing visual cortex. For example, BDNF acutely enhances long-term potentiation and blocks long-term depression in the visual cortex of young rats. Such acute actions of BDNF suggested to be mediated mainly through presynaptic mechanisms. A chronic application of BDNF to the visual cor...

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is known to play a role in experience-dependent plasticity of the developing visual cortex. For example, BDNF acutely enhances long-term potentiation and blocks long-term depression in the visual cortex of young rats. Such acute actions of BDNF suggested to be mediated mainly through presynaptic mechanisms. A chronic application of BDNF to the visual cor...

Animal studies have shown that prenatal stress is able to induce long-lasting neurobiological and behavioral alterations in adult offspring. In spite of the facts that hippocampus is sensitive to early developmental influences and its known functional importance in learning and memory, few data are available on the effect of prenatal stress on the structure of hippocampus. Therefore, this study...