Neurodegenerative diseases are the hereditary and sporadic diseases which are characterized by progressive neuronal loss of the nervous system and are emerging as the leading cause of death, disabilities, and a socioeconomic burden due to an increase in life expectancy. There are many neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s, disease, amyotrophic lateral...

background and aims: coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) is the most common agent known to cause viral myocarditis. the viral genome encodes a single polyprotein that is cleaved to produce several proteins by virally encoded proteases. most of this proteolytic processing is catalyzed by a cysteine protease called 3c. the 3c protease plays major role in viral replication and cellular damage. methods: to un...

It is well known that the central nervous system (CNS) is vulnerable to hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. Insulin is indispensable for serum glucose control and diabetes patients are on the relative or absolute deficient state of insulin. The role of insulin on the CNS, however, has not been fully elucidated, yet. To reveal the role of insulin on the neuronal survival, we have used in vitro syste...