BACKGROUND The optic nerve is frequently injured in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica, resulting in visual dysfunction, which may be reflected by measures distant from the site of injury. OBJECTIVE To determine how retinal nerve fiber layer as a measure of axonal health, and macular volume as a measure of neuronal health are related to changes in myelin water fraction in the optic r...

Wiederkehrende Episoden entzündlicher Schädigungen des Sehnervs und Rückenmarks sind als eigenständige Erkrankung schon aus historischen Überlieferungen bekannt. Im Jahr 2004 gelang die Identifikation pathognomonischen, gegen Aquaporin‑4 auf Astrozyten gerichteten Antikörpers. Zugehörige klinische Manifestationen werden Neuromyelitis-optica-Spektrum-Erkrankungen („neuromyelitis optica spectrum ...

INTRODUCTION Traumatic spinal cord injury patients with quadriplegia associated respiratory compromise are at an immediately increased risk of developing pneumonia, but the onset of pneumonia risk and use of prevention strategies in the patient with quadriplegia due to Neuromyelitis Optica has not been described. CASE REPORT This is a case of a Neuromyelitis Optica patient with quadriplegia, ...

Background: Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) is an autoimmune inflammation of the central nervous system in which autoantibodies are released against Aquaporin-4 (AQP-4), astrocytic water channels. The disease is characterized by transverse myelitis and optic neuritis. Viruses could be inflammatory agents in the brain. Due to such inflammatory reactions, autoantibodies would cross the blood brain bar...

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders are rare relapsing inflammatory central nervous system diseases with a heterogenous immunological and clinical spectrum. International collaborations required to: (i) reach better understanding of the disease its subtypes; (ii) develop laboratory imaging biomarkers; (iii) ultimately improve treatments.

An adult patient developed both Devic's neuromyelitis optica and Schilder's myelinoclastic diffuse sclerosis, suggesting that these entities represent rare topographical and aggressive variants within the spectrum of multiple sclerosis.