We report simulations of abnormal buy-and-hold stock return tests. Using benchmark portfolios purged of new-listings and rebalancing biases, we find severe misspecification of parametric tests, due in part to skewness. We document a negative relation between skewness bias and sample size, and an overlapping-horizons bias. Both biases become more severe as the holding period lengthens. The biase...

The transiliac method of leg lengthening uses a modification of Salter's innominate osteotomy. The bone graft increases the length of the hemipelvis distal to the sacro-iliac joint. Leg-length inequality in 23 patients was treated by this method with an average gain in length of 2.8 cm (2.0 to 3.5). Apart from one residual femoral nerve palsy there were no notable complications. The facility to...

PURPOSE The Children's Activity Rating Scale (CARS) is a rating scale that is used in direct observation of physical activity in children. Direct observation is costly and tedious, and accuracy may decrease as the observation period lengthens. Recently, motion sensors have gained acceptance for assessment of physical activity. The purpose of this study was to compare 6 h of activity levels usin...

This paper hypothesizes that average muscle length and minimum tendon strain govern muscle and tendon length adaptation in all situations. A model has been implemented to test this hypothesis, and simulations have been performed for normal development, bone lengthening, immobilization, and retinacular release experiments in young and adult animals. The simulation results predict that both muscl...

Experiments were performed in halothane-anesthetized, paralyzed, bilaterally vagotomized and artificially ventilated rabbits. Arterial blood pressure, expiratory carbon dioxide concentration, and electrical activity of the right phrenic nerve were recorded prior to and after xylocaine microinjection to the left nucleus parabrachialis medialis (NPBM). The location of the xylocaine blockade was v...