We have measured the density of negative surface charges near the voltage sensor for inactivation gating of (L-type) Ca channels in intact calf Purkinje fibers and in isolated myocytes from guinea pig and rat ventricles. Divalent cation-induced changes in the half-maximal voltage for inactivation were determined and were well described by curves predicted by surface potential theory. We measure...

An unprecedented combination of simulative and metaphor-based reasoning about beliefs is achieved in an AI system, ATT-Meta. Much mundane discourse about beliefs uses conceptual metaphors (e.g., MIND AS CONTAINER) productively, and ATT-Meta's metaphor-based reasoning accordingly leads to crucial discourse comprehension decisions. ATT-Meta's non-metaphorical mode of belief reasoning includes sim...

The recently reported fast oxygen reduction kinetics at the interface of (La,Sr)CoO3-δ (LSC113) and (La,Sr)2CoO4+δ (LSC214) phases opened up new questions for the potential role of dissimilar interfaces in advanced cathodes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Using first-principles based calculations in the framework of density functional theory, we quantitatively probed the possible mechanisms...

This paper presents a method to predict the limit of possible resolution enhancement given a sequence of lowresolution images. Three important parameters influence the outcome of this limit: the total Point Spread Function (PSF), the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and the number of input images. Although a large number of input images captured by a system with a narrow PSF and a high SNR are desir...

We reconsider stochastic resonance (SR) for an overdamped bistable dynamics driven by a harmonic force and Gaussian noise from the viewpoint of the gain behavior, i.e., the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the output divided by that at the input. The primary issue addressed in this work is whether a gain exceeding unity can occur for this archetypal SR model, for subthreshold signals that are bey...

Ca influx via Ca current (ICa) during the action potential (AP) was determined at 25°C and 35°C in isolated rabbit ventricular myocytes using AP clamp. Contaminating currents through Na and K channels were eliminated by using Naand K-free solutions, respectively. DIDS (0.2 mmol/L) was used to block Ca-activated chloride current (ICl(Ca)). When the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was depleted of Ca ...