Notch signaling pathway plays an important role in T cell differentiation. Delta-like ligand (Dll)4, one of five known Notch ligands, has been implicated in regulating Th2 cell differentiation in animal models of human diseases. However, the role of Dll4 in Th1/Th17-mediated autoimmune diseases remains largely unknown. Using an anti-Dll4 blocking mAb, we show that neutralizing Dll4 during the i...

Soluble forms of nonclassical human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G have recently been suggested as immunomodulatory factors in multiple sclerosis (MS). HLA-G inhibits the effecter function of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Also regulatory T cells (Treg) are considered as pivotal players in MS pathogenesis. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the presence of HLA-G molecules and Treg cells in Relapsing...

Although it is known that septic shock induces immunosuppression, the mechanism for this phenomenon is not well understood. Monocytes play a central role in septic shock pathophysiology, which is also characterized by an increased proportion of natural regulatory T (Treg) cells. We therefore investigated whether Treg could be involved in the decreased monocyte expression of CD14 and HLA-DR obse...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) in the peripheral blood of patients with childhood chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) exhibiting thrombocytopenia and spontaneous remission. The findings of this study indicate the possibility of predicting spontaneous recovery and pathogenesis of childhood chronic ITP....

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), is a pulmonary fungal disease whose severity depends on the adequate development of T cell immunity. Although regulatory T (Treg) cells were shown to control immunity against PCM, deleterious or protective effects were described in different experimental settings. To clarify the function of Treg cells in pulmonary PCM, loss-and gain-of-function approaches were perf...

Acceptance of the fetal semi-allograft by the mother's immune system has become the focus of intensive research. CD4+ T cells are important actors in the establishment of pregnancy. Th1/Th2 paradigm has been expanded to include CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells. Pregnancy hormones exert very significant modulatory properties on the maternal immune system. In this review, we ...

To investigate the role of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells in blood-stage malaria, we compared Plasmodium chabaudi AS infection in wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 and transgenic mice overexpressing the transcription factor Foxp3 (Foxp3Tg) and observed that Foxp3Tg mice experienced lethal infection and deficient malaria-specific immune responses. Adoptive transfer of total CD4(+) T cells ...

Th17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells are integral in maintaining immune homeostasis and Th17-Treg misbalance associates with inflammation. We demonstrate that in addition to natural (n)Treg and induced (i)Treg cells developed from naïve precursors, Th17 cells are a novel source of Foxp3 cells by converting into ex-Th17 Foxp3 cells, and this helps to reconcile the contradictory information about t...

One of the essential protection mechanisms of immune system is Treg cells which play an important role in maintenance ofimmune homeostasis. However, they may also inhibit immune functions against tumor cells. It has been reported that Treg cellsare increased in patients suffering from different types of cancer. Increased number of Treg cells has been shown in tumor lymphnodes, peripheral blood,...

Objective(s): This study aimed to investigate the role and the possible mechanisms involved in the immunoregulation of experimental periodontitis by Th17/Treg. Materials and Methods: Experimental periodontitis was established by silk thread ligation with Porphyromonasgingivalis daubing in the bilateral maxillary second molar of Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Alveolar bones were scanned by Micro...