Students of social movements have long struggled with the question how relatively abstract political opportunities, such as elite divisions, affect unorganized activists without much knowledge of politics. We argue that the relationship between institutional opportunities and decisions to mobilize may take the form of trickle-down politics. In this view activists are affected by political oppor...

background: in the recent years, using health technologies to diagnose and treat diseases has had a considerable and accelerated growth. the proper use of these technologies may considerably help in the diagnosis and treatment of different diseases. on the other hand, unlimited and unrestricted entry of these technologies may result in induced demand by service providers. the aim of this study ...

Domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) possess complex socio-cognitive skills, and sows show high inter-individual variability in maternal behaviour. To evaluate how females—reared under natural conditions—react to the isolation calls of their own piglets or those other females, we conducted observations experimental trials. In January–February 2021, all-occurrences sampling on affiliation, aggression, lac...

background: diabetes is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease (cvd). moreover, cvd accounts for primary cause of death among diabetic patients. physicians, especially in the primary care setting, have effective role in the management of cardiovascular risk factors. therefore, we aimed to compare the prevalence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetic patients attending t...

Consider the setting of sparse graphs on N vertices, where the vertices have distinct " names " , which are strings of length O(log N) from a fixed finite alphabet. For many natural probability models, the entropy grows as cN log N for some model-dependent rate constant c. The mathematical content of this paper is the (often easy) calculation of c for a variety of models, in particular for vari...