This paper defines a generalization of Lamport’s Temporal Logic of Actions. We prove that our logic is stuttering-invariant and give an axiomatization of its propositional fragment. We also show that standard TLA is as expressive as our extension once quantification over flexible propositions is added.

Several lines of evidence indicate that amyloid β (Aβ), particularly Aβ oligomers (AβOs), plays a causative role in Alzheimer's disease. However, the mechanisms underlying the action of an anti-AβO antibody to clarify the toxic action of AβOs remain elusive. Here, we showed that the anti-AβO antibody (monoclonal 72D9) can modify the Aβ aggregation pathway. We also found that 72D9 directly seque...

Mice lacking suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS1) develop a complex fatal neonatal disease. In this study, SOCS1-/- mice were shown to exhibit excessive responses typical of those induced by interferon gamma (IFNgamma), were hyperresponsive to viral infection, and yielded macrophages with an enhanced IFNgamma-dependent capacity to kill L. major parasites. The complex disease in SOCS1-/- m...

TLA (the Temporal Logic of Actions) is a linear temporal logic for specifying and reasoning about reactive systems. We define a subset of TLA whose formulas are amenable to validation by animation, with the intent to facilitate the communication between domain and solution experts in the design of reactive systems.

It is shown that a stutter-invariant property is expressible in Temporal Logic of Actions if and only if it is expressible in Second-order Temporal Logic. In particular, validity questions can be translated from one logic to the other. The proof is based on equivalence transformations between the formulas of Temporal Logic of Actions and Second-order Temporal Logic. The translation from Second-...

We define a variant of Lamport’s Temporal Logic of Actions, extended by spatial modalities, that is intended for the specification of mobile systems with distributed state. We discuss notions of refinement appropriate for mobile systems, specifically concerning the topological structure of the system, and show how these can be represented in the logic via quantification and implication, ensurin...

Digoxin has been the cornerstone of the treatment of heart failure for more than 2 centuries. Now that newer therapies have been introduced that reduce the mortality rate in heart failure and recent trials have failed to prove the same for digoxin, its use has significantly decreased. But a careful review of the multiple pharmacologic actions of digoxin and closer analysis of the results of rec...

Composition of high-speed protocols from basic protocol mechanisms can help to realize the exible application-speci c selection of protocols. For the purpose of formal speci cation, functional modelling, analysis, and veri cation of composed protocols we apply L. Lamport's Temporal Logic of Actions (TLA). We propose a modular and compositional style of speci cation, which supports the analysis ...

A method is described for proving “always possibly” properties of specifications in formalisms with linear-time trace semantics. It is shown to be relatively complete for TLA (Temporal Logic of Actions) specifications.