BACKGROUND Anticholinergic agents, specifically the quaternary salt of atropine, are currently being recommended for chronic rhinitis and the common cold. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 50- and 75-microg doses of atropine sulfate as a nasal spray in perennial allergic rhinitis. METHODS A placebo-controlled, double-blind study compared 2 doses of atropine nasal spray given ...

BACKGROUND Olfactory dysfunction is deemed to be a significant contributor to poor quality of life in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). OBJECTIVE To assess and to compare the effectiveness of three modalities of corticosteroids administration in patients with CRS. STUDY DESIGN A prospective randomized controlled study METHODS Thirty patients with CRS were randomized in three groups depending ...

Background: Reusable nasal-spray devices are frequently used in otolaryngologic examinations, and there is an increasing concern about the risk of cross-contamination from these devices. The aim of our study was to determine, by means of microbiologic analysis, the safety of a positivedisplacement or pump-type atomizer after multiple uses. Methods: A reusable nasal spray bottle, pump, and tips ...

Two studies were undertaken to assess the efficacy and safety of three thixotropic nasal sprays (IQM11, IQM12, IQM13) on seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). The three nasal sprays differ only with respect to the emulsifying agent used in the formulation. In the prospective, randomized, cross-over pilot study, 16 patients with a history of SAR received 2 x 0.14 ml IQM11 per nostril or no treatment...

The primary aim of this smoking cessation study was to evaluate the effect of long-term treatment with nicotine nasal spray in a group of hard-core smokers. A further aim was to compare the effect of ad libitum with fixed dosage of nasal nicotine spray. Eighty nine smokers, failures from two earlier studies with nicotine patches, were enrolled in an open smoking cessation study with nicotine na...

Spray atomization is a common process found in different industries, where sprays under high injection pressure are widely recorded in the literature. Nonetheless, research on spray breakup mechanism under low pressure in pharmaceutical industry is still relatively rare. Numerical model in the Lagrangian approach was modified for simulating the spray formation from a nasal spray device in the c...

OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of chemical cautery (AgNo3) and steroid nasal spray against SMD (submucosal diathermy) in the treatment of symptomatic Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy (ITH). MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients attending OPD in the department of ENT &HNS at KMCTH with symptomatic Inferior turbinate Hypertrophy were taken with their approval included for the study. Patients were div...

Gradient nanostructures (GNSs) have been optimized in recent years for desired performance. The diffusion behavior in GNS metals is crucial for understanding the diffusion mechanism and relative characteristics of different interfaces that provide fundamental understanding for advancing the traditional surface alloying processes. In this paper, atomic diffusion, reactive diffusion, and surface ...

OBJECTIVE To determine if isotonic sodium chloride (hereinafter "saline") nasal irrigations performed with large volume and delivered with low positive pressure are more effective than saline sprays at improving quality of life and decreasing medication use. DESIGN A prospective, randomized controlled trial. SETTING Community. PARTICIPANTS A total of 127 adults with chronic nasal and sinu...