We propose an improved probabilistic method for reading remote clocks in systems subject to unbounded communication delays and use this method to design a family of fault-tolerant probabilistic internal clock synchronization protocols. The members of this family differ in the failure classes they tolerate, from crash to arbitrary. Because of probabilistic reading, our protocols achieve better s...

Abstract – In this paper, the effect of applied electric field on the damage due to partial discharges activity into the surroundings dielectrics of a narrow channel encapsulated within the volume of a dielectric material is evaluated using a kinetic model based on Particle in Cell - Monte Carlo Collision (PIC-MCC) model. After application of an electric field across a dielectric material which...

The bacterial ribosome switches from an mRNA lacking an in-frame stop codon and resumes translation on a specialized RNA known as tmRNA, SsrA or 10Sa RNA. We find that the ribosome can reach and use the extreme 3' terminal codon of the defective mRNA prior to switching. The first triplet to be translated in tmRNA (the resume codon) is determined at two levels: distant elements in tmRNA restrict...

In this paper we investigate Bare Plurals (BPs; NPPL) in English and Romanian and Bare Plural Partitives (BParts; i.e. des NPPL) in French. Romanian BPs and French BParts only share with English BPs the existential interpretation with obligatory narrow scope. We propose that this reading shared by all three comes from the same pieces: a non-kind-selecting predicate, a kind-denoting argument, an...

A general fact about language is that subject relative clauses are easier to process than object relative clauses. Recently, several self-paced reading studies have presented surprising evidence that object relatives in Chinese are easier to process than subject relatives. We carried out three self-paced reading experiments that attempted to replicate these results. Two of our three studies fou...

Abstract Usually a high portion of the different word forms in a corpus receive no reading by the lexical and/or morphological analysis. These unknown words constitute a huge problem for NLP analysis tasks like POS-tagging or syntactic parsing. We present a parameterizable (in principle language-independent) corpus-based approach for the interpretation of unknown words that only needs a tokeniz...

Using K–8 national longitudinal data, the authors investigate males’ and females’ achievement in math and reading, including when gender gaps first appear, whether the appearance of gaps depends on the metric used, and where on the achievement distribution gaps are most prevalent. Additionally, teachers’ assessments of males and females are compared. The authors find no math gender gap in kinde...

abstract reading is a cognitive activity involving skills, strategies, attentional resources, knowledge resources and their integration. the reader’s role is to decode the written symbols to allow for the recovery of information from long-term memory to construct a plausible interpretation of the writer’s message. various number of reading models have been proposed by researchers among which so...

purpose : design and establishment of persian near reading card for clinical use and practice methods : at first, card dimension, word and character size and specifications were calculated. then, english near reading card, richmond product inc, was considered as a template. context and syntax contribute to reading accuracy and efficacy of the richmond card was considered for designed persian ca...