In scaled technologies, large cell-to-cell interference and FN tunneling disturbance degrade threshold voltage (Vt) window which we can place program states. Moreover, in Triple Layer Cell (TLC) NAND Flash we should place seven program states (P1 ~ P7) in the narrow Vt window, incurring large biterror rate (BER). In this paper, we propose a state re-ordering technique to increase the efficienc...

We present a systematic search for OVI(1032Å,1037Å) absorption in a Keck HIRES spectrum of the z = 3.62 quasar Q1422+231, with the goal of constraining the metallicity and ionization state of the low density intergalactic medium (IGM). Comparison of CIV absorption measurements to models of the Lyα forest based on cosmological simulations shows that absorbers with NHI ∼> 10 14.5cm−2 have a mean ...

We investigate the properties of two stellar concentrations in a low-absorption disk zone in Centaurus, located respectively at l = 306.47◦, b = −0.61◦, and l = 307.01◦, b = −0.74◦. The present analysis is based mostly on 2MASS photometry, as well as optical photometry. Based on colour-magnitude diagrams and stellar radial density profiles, we show that these concentrations are not open star cl...

Materials employed to harvest sunlight are commonly recognized to be at a premium when their optical absorption peaks in the visible, extends to the infrared, is panchromatic, and is matched to the solar spectrum. By contrast, natural photosynthetic absorbers such as chlorophylls and carotenoids display absorption spectra with narrow peaks for yet-unknown evolutionary reasons. Beyond such gener...

We demonstrate an unconventional near-infrared photodetector fabricated from a ZnO chip with metallic subwavelength grating structure as contact and optical window, which harvests hot electrons generated by plasmonic resonances introduced incident light. The has strong selection of the polarization light, meaning that detector is naturally polarization-sensitive. In our device, extinction ratio...

Absorption spectra of humidified CO2 have been recorded at room temperature by cavity enhanced absorption techniques (CRDS and OFCEAS): (i) in three spectral ranges the 1.6 µm window (5720–6045 cm−1; 6390–6460 cm−1 6570–6665 cm−1), (ii) four narrow intervals 2.3 (4243–4255 4301.3–4302 4421.5–4440 4518–4535 (iii) around 2853 cm−1. All these are situated transparency windows both H2O CO2. The bin...

Tacrolimus (Tac) is a profoundly effective immunosuppressant that reduces the risk of rejection after solid organ transplantation. However, its use is hampered by its narrow therapeutic window along with its highly variable pharmacological (pharmacokinetic [PK] and pharmacodynamic [PD]) profile. Part of this variability is explained by genetic polymorphisms affecting the metabolic pathway. The ...