Microalgae can be considered an alternative food ingredient thanks to their nutritional composition and bioactive molecules. are a rich source of sulfated non-sulfated polysaccharides, certain types polysaccharides vary depending on taxonomic groups. It is thought that valuable compounds possessed by algae biomass increase the vitality probiotic bacteria stimulating growth being good for lactic...

Ulvan is a natural sulfated polysaccharide obtained from marine green algae composed of 3-sulfated rhamnoglucuronan as the main component. It has unique chemical structure that rich L-rhamnosa, D-glucuronic acid, and L-iduronic acid. similar to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in mammals including chondroitin sulfate, dermatan heparan sulfate broad range applications for many years. Here, we provide a...

Sulfated chitosan has been successfully synthesized through sulfation reaction between and chlorosulfonic acid using catalyst N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent. The first step was of with 4; 4.5; 5 mL HClSO3. formation sulfated supported by an increased solubility in water the appearance peaks at 1111 cm-1, which indicated C-O-S group. that produced, a degree 5.6041%; 6.0045%; 6.8051%. shows...

Salivary gland homogenate (SGH) from the female mosquitoes Anopheles gambiae, An. stephensi, An. freeborni, An. dirus and An. albimanus were found to exhibit hemagglutinating (lectin) activity. Lectin activity was not found for male An. gambiae, or female Ae aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, Phlebotomus duboscqi, and Lutzomyia longipalpis. With respect to species-specificity, An. gambiae SGH agg...

In the present review, we describe a systematic study of the sulfated polysaccharides from marine invertebrates, which led to the discovery of a carbohydrate-based mechanism of sperm-egg recognition during sea urchin fertilization. We have described unique polymers present in these organisms, especially sulfated fucose-rich compounds found in the egg jelly coat of sea urchins. The polysaccharid...

The sulfated polysaccharides from Solieria filiformis (Sf), Botryocladia occidentalis (Bo), Caulerpa racemosa (Cr) and Gracilaria caudata (Gc) were extracted and extensively purified. These compounds were then subjected to in vitro assays to evaluate the inhibition of these polysaccharides on the growth of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis promastigotes. Under the same assay conditions, only three of...

The sulfated polysaccharides in the body wall of the sea cucumber occur as three fractions that differ markedly in molecular mass and chemical composition. The fraction containing a high molecular mass component has a high proportion of fucose and small amounts of galactose and amino sugars, whereas another fraction contains primarily a sulfated fucan. The third fraction (F-2), which represents...

Heparan sulfate (HS) is a highly sulfated polysaccharide and is present in large quantities on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) utilizes a specialized cell surface HS, known as 3-O-sulfated HS, as an entry receptor to establish infection. Here, we exploit an approach to inhibiting HSV-1 infection by using a 3-O-sulfated octasaccharide, mimick...

III. Structure of the saccharides linked to the cell surface giycoprotein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 A. Sulfated high molecular weight saccliaride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 B. Sulfated low molecular weight saccharides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

The evolution of barriers to inter-specific hybridization is a crucial step in the fertilization of free spawning marine invertebrates. In sea urchins, molecular recognition between sperm and egg ensures species recognition. Here we review the sulfated polysaccharide-based mechanism of sperm-egg recognition in this model organism. The jelly surrounding sea urchin eggs is not a simple accessory ...