Clinical question " Is subcutaneous (SC) or intramuscular (IM) naloxone as effective as intravenous (IV) naloxone in the treatment of life-threatening heroin overdose? " An emergency department clinician was interested in comparing routes of administration of naloxone in light of anecdotal evidence suggesting that various routes may not be equally efficacious in restoring a patient to spontaneo...

Naloxone, an opiate antagonist, was administered to male and female rats and male mice after periods of food or water deprivation ranging from 12 to 48 hr. Naloxone (0.01-10 mg/kg) reduced postdeprivational water intake in most groups of rats and mice in a dose-related manner. Naloxone suppression of water consumption appeared to be independent of sexual differences in rats, and phase of the di...

Sickle cell anemia is a common genetic disorder in African Americans. Opioid analgesics are traditionally the treatment for the severe pain associated with this disease. Here we reveal that the opioid antagonist naloxone possesses potent analgesic activity in two transgenic mouse models of sickle cell anemia (NY1DD and hBERK1) and not in their respective controls (ICR-CD1 and C57BL/6J) when adm...

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling is implied in opioid reinforcement, reward, and withdrawal. Here, we explored whether TLR4 signaling is involved in the acute psychomotor-stimulating effects of heroin, 6-acetylmorphine (6-AM), and morphine as well as whether there are differences between the three opioids regarding TLR4 signaling. To address this, we examined how pretreatment with (+)-nalo...

The effect of the opioid receptor agonist methionine enkephalin (Met-enkephalin) and the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone on colonic carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane was investigated in Wistar rats. Rats received ten weekly injections of 7.4 mg/kg of body weight of azoxymethane and injections of Met-enkephalin (50 micrograms/kg of body weight), naloxone (2 mg/kg of body weight), or Met...

This study aims to evaluate the effect of naloxone on intravenous fentanyl patient-controlled analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy under total intravenous anesthesia.A total of 90 patients, who underwent intravenous fentanyl patient-controlled analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy under total intravenous anesthesia, were included into this study. All patients were randomly divide...

Naloxone administration produces a robust conditioned place aversion (CPA) in opiate-naive rodents by blocking the action of enkephalins at mu opioid receptors. This aversive response is potentiated by prior exposure to morphine. In vitro studies indicate that morphine treatment may promote constitutive activity of mu opioid receptors. We hypothesized that such enhanced constitutive activity in...

OPIOID OVERDOSE IS A BURGEONING PUBLIC HEALTH crisis, accounting for at least 16 000 deaths annually in the United States. Opioid overdose occurs across sex, ethnic, age, and geographic strata and involvesbothmedicalandnonmedicalopioiduse.Todate, federal government response has focused primarily on monitoringandsecuringthedrugsupply. ThisViewpointsuggestsvariousstepsnecessarytosupportamorecompr...

tramadol is used in treatment of moderate to severe pain. nowadays tramadol overdose is one of the common emergencies. naloxone is an antagonist which is used as a first step of treatment in these patients. this study was designed to evaluate the seizurogenic effects of naloxone in tramadol overdose. a number of 124 patients with the diagnosis of tramadol overdose were divided to receive low-do...