Knowledge of the anatomy and function of the nail apparatus is essential when performing the physical examination. Inspection may reveal localized nail abnormalities that should be treated, or may provide clues to an underlying systemic disease that requires further workup. Excessive keratinaceous material under the nail bed in a distal and lateral distribution should prompt an evaluation for o...

IMPORTANCE Nail psoriasis can be difficult to treat and has a significant effect on quality of life. Relatively few controlled trials evaluating treatments for nail psoriasis have been published. There is an unmet need for treatment recommendations to guide therapeutic decisions. OBJECTIVE To develop treatment recommendations for nail psoriasis from the Medical Board of the National Psoriasis...

BACKGROUND Chronic exposure to arsenic is associated with cancer and hypertension. Growing evidence suggests that altered methylation in long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) is involved in many types of disorders, including cardiovascular disease. Here we evaluated the association between arsenic exposure and LINE-1 methylation levels, especially in relation to blood pressure (BP). ME...

BACKGROUND The nail gun is a commonly utilized tool in carpentry and construction. When used properly with appropriate safety precautions, it can facilitate production and boost efficiency; however, this powerful tool also has the potential to cause serious injury. The most common site of nail-gun injuries in both industrial and nonoccupational settings is the hand. MATERIALS AND METHODS We r...

Objective To present family physicians with common nail alterations and disorders occurring in the elderly population and their management options. Quality of evidence The evidence relating to different nail conditions is mostly derived from randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and review articles. However, given the scarcity of evidence on some conditions, articles with weaker levels o...

Onychomycosis constitutes the most common fungal infection of the nail (skin beneath the nail bed) that affects the finger as well as toe nails. It is an infection that is initiated by yeasts, dermatophytes, and nondermatophyte molds. Nail lacquers are topical solutions intended only for use on fingernails as well as toenails and have been found to be useful in the treatment of onychomycosis. T...

Brittle nail syndrome is a heterogeneous abnormality, characterized by increased fragility of the nail plate. Brittle nails affect about 20% of the population and women are affected twice as frequently as men. The vast majority of patients experience brittle nails as a significant cosmetic problem and a substantial number indicate that these nail abnormalities are painful, impair daily activiti...

Nail psoriasis affects nearly 80% of patients with plaque psoriasis and is even more prevalent in patients with psoriatic arthritis. Nail psoriasis is not simply a cosmetic problem but one that effects the structure and function of the nail, resulting in negative psychological effects. The first level in management of nail psoriasis is patient education. The hierarchy of nail psoriasis therapy ...

methotrexate, psoralen–UV-A) or whose disease failed to respond to such treatments. Nail psoriasis is seen in 50% of patients with psoriasis and in about 80% of patients with psoriatic arthritis. The management of nail psoriasis can be very challenging. The choice of treatment depends on the clinical presentation andspecificpatient factors. Systemic treatment is indicated when nail psoriasis is...

A technique for the secure fixation of acrylic nails in multilayered silicone finger prostheses is described. The secure fixation of the nail to the prosthesis is achieved by a method of "sandwiching" portions of the nail between the silicone layers of the prosthesis akin to the overlapping of the nail by the anatomical nail fold and nail wall. In addition the use of a cynoacrylate adhesive ens...