PURPOSE A substantial proportion of epilepsy patients ( approximately 30%) continue to have seizures despite carefully optimized treatment with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). One key concept to explain the development of pharmacoresistance is that epilepsy-related changes in the properties of CNS drug targets result in AED-insensitivity of these targets. These changes then contribute to drug-resis...

Assessment of drug susceptibility has become an integral part of influenza virus surveillance. In this study, we describe the drug resistance profile of influenza A(H3N2) virus, A/Mississippi/05/2011, collected from a patient treated with oseltamivir and detected via surveillance. An MDCK cell-grown isolate of this virus exhibited highly reduced inhibition by the neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors (...

objectives in this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of the species of campylobacter. jejuni in zahedan, a major city in southeastern iran. patients and methods fecal samples from 164 patients with acute diarrhea from zahedan hospitals were collected from 2011 to 2013. then the samples were streaked onto a campylobacter selective agar containing supplement and 7% defibrinated sheep bl...

the emergence of multi-drug resistant strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa has complicated treatment decision and may lead to treatment failures. in this study, we describe the trends of drug-resistant p. aeruginosa isolated in blood cultures from patients detected in a tertiary teaching hospital and evaluated the prevalence of resistance to amikacin, ampicillin, carbeni- cillin, cefixime, cefotax...

pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important pathogens that causes nosocomial infections and shows high level of antibiotic resistance. integrons are one of the transposable elements in bacteria and their role in antibiotic resistance has been well demonstrated. the aim of this study was a molecular characterization of the integron genes and the determination of the resistance or sensiti...

BACKGROUND Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) play a key role in the management of influenza epidemics and pandemics. Given the novel pandemic influenza A(H1N1) (pH1N1) virus and the restricted number of approved anti-influenza drugs, evaluation of potential drug-resistant variants is of high priority. METHODS Recombinant pH1N1 viruses were generated by reverse genetics, expressing either the wi...

conclusions the results of this study indicated that a decrease in oprd gene expression is an important mechanism of resistance in carbapenem resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from severe burn patients with secondary infection. results our study showed that 94.2% of the isolates were resistant to imipenem, 99.5% to meropenem, and all were resistant to ertapenem. the oprd gene expression...

background: campylobacter infections may lead to serious conditions, including septicemia or other invasive forms of the disease, which require rapid and accurate laboratory diagnosis and subsequently appropriate antimicrobial therapy. the aim of this study was to compare the species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of campylobacter spp. strains isolated from patients and f...

A nucleos(t)ide analog (NA) is the common antiviral drug available for directly treating hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, its application has led to the emergence of NA-resistant mutations mostly in a conserved region of the reverse transcriptase domain of HBV polymerase. Harboring NA-resistant mutations decreases drug effectiveness and increases the frequency of end-stage liver dise...

With a projected 382.4 per 100,000 people expected to suffer from some form of malignant neoplasm in 2015, improving treatment is an essential focus of cancer research today. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) is the leading cause of chemotherapeutic failure in the treatment of cancer, the term denoting a characteristic of the disease-causing agent to avoid damage by drugs designed to bring about thei...