We present a model where ω1 is inaccessible by reals, Silver measurability holds for all sets but Miller and Lebesgue measurability fail for some sets. This contributes to a line of research started by Shelah in the 1980s and more recently continued by Schrittesser and Friedman (see [7]), regarding the separation of different notions of regularity properties of the real line. Acknowledgement. T...

Several markers have been studied for their ability to make the CNS infiltration diagnosis earlier and more precise; previous studies showed that CSF ferritin concentrations were higher in patients with malignant invasion of CNS. The objective was to determine the importance of CSF ferritin as a biomarker for the diagnosis of CNS neoplastic infiltration. This study is based on 93 CSF samples, d...

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway substrate 15 (Eps15) is a newly identified substrate for protein tyrosine phosphatase N3 (PTPN3), which belongs to the FERM-containing PTP subfamily comprising five members including PTPN3, N4, N13, N14, and N21. We solved the crystal structures of the PTPN3-Eps15 phosphopeptide complex and found that His812 of PTPN3 and Pro850 of Eps15 are respon...

This paper presents a theory of inflation in an economy with commodity money and supports it by evidence from the inflationary episodes in France during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The paper shows that commodity money can be inflated similarly to fiat money through repeated debasements, which act like devaluation. Furthermore, as with fiat money, demand for commodity money falls wit...

The development of pre-industrial Europe was driven by the expansion of trade. This paper describes the patterns of trade and shows how they can be understood in terms of differences in trading costs. It discusses how the different levels of trade–from local to transoceanic-contributed, both quantitatively and qualitatively, to the process of growth. JEL Categories: F14, F15, F43, N13, N73, O19...

To elucidate whether density of cells could contribute to the extent of microglial activation, we performed in vitro assays using three different densities of N13 microglia stimulated with LPS. Our results showed that induction of pro-inflammatory factors as TNF-α and iNOS was directly related to cell density, meanwhile the induction of the anti-inflammatory IL-10 was inversely related to cell ...

Dynamical stochastic models of single neurons and neural networks often take the form of a system of n>2 coupled stochastic differential equations. We consider such systems under the assumption that third and higher order central moments are relatively small. In the general case, a system of 1 2 n(n13) ~generally! nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations holds for the approximate means...

We study the complexity of natural equivalence relations on classes of computable structures such as isomorphism and bi-embeddability. We use the notion of tc-reducibility to show completeness of the isomorphism relation on many familiar classes in the context of all Σ1 equivalence relations on hyperarithmetical subsets of ω. We also show that the bi-embeddability relation on an appropriate hyp...

Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were recorded following trigeminal nerve stimulation in 25 normal subjects. Mucosal stimulation of the lip resulted in a reduced stimulus artefact. The three initial peaks, N13, P19, and N30, measured respectively 12.8 +/- 0.9 S-3, 19.3 +/- 1.4 S-3, and 28.6 +/- 1.7 S-3. Blink reflex studies were also performed in most of these subjects. In 41.4% of 29 pat...