Engineering cereal crops that are self-supported by nitrogen fixation has been a dream since the 1970s when nitrogenase was transferred from Klebsiella pneumoniae to Escherichia coli. A renewed interest in this area has generated several new approaches with the common aim of transferring nitrogen fixation to cereal crops. Advances in synthetic biology have afforded the tools to rationally engin...

Rhizobia induce root nodules and fix atmospheric N2 for most legume species in exchange for carbon. However, the diverse endophytic non-rhizobial bacteria in legume nodules that co-exist with rhizobia are often ignored because they are difficult to cultivate using routine cultivation approaches. To enhance our understanding of the incidence and diversity of legume-bacteria associations, a high-...

Davis, J. B. (Socony Mobil Oil Co., Inc., Dallas, Tex.), V. F. Coty, and J. P. Stanley. Atmospheric nitrogen fixation by methane-oxidizing bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 88:468-472. 1964.-Methane-oxidizing bacteria capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen were isolated from garden soil, pond mud, oil field soil, and soil exposed to natural gas, indicating a rather wide prevalence in nature. This may exp...

Drought is one of the most important factors that limits N fixation, growth and yield of soybean. 2 The aim of this study was to determine the effects of water stress, starter N application and seed inoculation on yield and yield components of soybean (cv. Williams). The experiment was conducted in 2010 at the Islamshahr town that located in 12 km of South-west of Tehran, the capital of Iran. T...

Some beneficial plant-interacting bacteria can biologically fix N2 to plant-available ammonium. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is an important source of nitrogen (N) input in agriculture and represents a promising substitute for chemical N fertilizers. Diazotrophic bacteria have the ability to develop different types of root associations with different plant species. Among the highest rates...

The symbiosis between plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria is widespread among legumes actinorhizal within the root nodule (NFN) clade. However, there are major differences, as well similarities, in symbioses Frankia those of their associated rhizobia. This review provides an overview NFN symbioses. We outline evolution biogeography compare contrast microsymbionts symbiotic processes. Within cla...

The treatment of infected mandibular fractures has advanced rather dramatically over the past 50 years. Immobilization with maxillomandibular fixation and/or splints, removal of diseased teeth in the fracture line, external fixation, use of antibiotics, debridement, and rigid internal fixation has played a role in management. Perhaps the most important advance was the realization that infected ...

We studied the effects of green manuring on gene level microorganisms associated with nitrogen (N) fixation, nitrification, and denitrification in different paddy soils. Field experiments were conducted Hunan, Jiangxi, Henan, Fujian experimental sites south China to investigate responses rice yield, soil properties, functional genes manuring. The four treatments no fertilizer application (NF), ...

Introduction Soil bacteria play a crucial role in the terrestrial nitrogen (N) cycle by fixing atmospheric N 2 , and this process is influenced both biotic abiotic factors. The diversity of -fixing (NFB) directly reflects efficiency soil fixation, NFB degraded alpine meadow may change with different fertilizing levels varied slopes. However, how addition affects meadows, whether influence varie...