background: there is no data on the prevalence and the association of gastro esophageal reflux disease (gerd) with toxic fume inhalation. therefore, we aimed to evaluate the frequency distribution of gerd symptoms among the individuals with mild respiratory disorder due to the past history of toxic fume exposure to sulfur mustard (sm). materials and methods: in a historical cohort study, subjec...

A comparison between phosphine boranes and sulfides in their catalytic asymmetric deprotonation using organolithiums and sub-stoichiometric amounts of (-)-sparteine has revealed superior catalytic efficiency in the phosphine sulfide deprotonation.

PURPOSE To report the detailed clinical and in vivo confocal microscopic findings in a patient with delayed-onset mustard gas keratitis observed 20 years after initial exposure. METHODS A 38-year-old man who was exposed to mustard gas in Iraq at the age of 19 years was examined after presenting with ocular symptoms 17 years after initial recovery from the exposure. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy, co...

BACKGROUND Exposure to mustard gas frequently results in long-term respiratory complications. However the factors which drive the development and progression of these complications remain unclear. The Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) has been implicated in lung inflammatory and fibrotic responses. Genetic variation within the gene coding for the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE), specifically t...

A sulfate-reducing bacterium has been isolated in pure culture from sheep rumen contents. Its properties agree in all respects tested with those ascribed to Desulfovibrio desulfuricans. The populations observed (about 10(8)/ml) are sufficient to account for published rates of ruminal sulfide production.

Mustard gas is known to have mutagenic and carcinogenic effects on animal and human cells. In this report, 1,632 male Japanese who worked in poison gas factories at some time between the years 1927 and 1945 were studied to determine comparative risk for development of cancer, the reference population being data on Japanese males overall. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for lung cancer in...

Sulfur mustard or mustard gas has been widely used as a chemical weapon in the first world war and Iraq-Iran war. It causes acute and chronic complications in lungs, eyes and skin. In skin, mustard is toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic via alkylation of cellular proteins in enzymes, cell membranes, cytoplasm and particularly cell nucleus as well as in DNA components of the epidermis, dermis and...

background:gastroesophageal reflux disease (gerd) prevalence in patients with sulfur mustard (sm)-induced bronchiolitis obliterans (bo) is higher than exposed cases with mild lung injuries. in this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of microaspirations using nuclear scintiscan among bo patients with sm exposure. methods: this was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted on patients...

As one of the most important vesicant agents, the destructive properties of mustards on the skin, eyes and respiratory system, combined with a lack of antidote, makes them effective weapons. Such weapons are inexpensive, easily obtainable and frequently stockpiled. Sulphur mustard (mustard gas) has been used as a chemical warfare agent in at least 10 conflicts. In this article, the use of musta...