The trunk-like proboscis of tapirs provides a prime case study in the evolution of anatomical novelty. Morphological study of this unique structure was undertaken employing several specimens and a combination of analytical techniques: gross anatomical dissection, radiographic imaging and histological sectioning. Evolution of the proboscis of tapirs entailed wholesale transformation of the naria...

The spread of the excitatory process in the ventricular septum of the dog's heart has been studied in the isolated organ perfused by the Langendorfl technic. It has been possible to remove large portions of the free wall of the right and left ventricles and explore the septal surfaces under direct vision. The mean excitatory pathway in the muscular mass of the dog's ventricular septum has been ...

how to cite this article: barzegar m, habibi p, bonyady m, topchizadeh v, shiva sh. exon deletion pattern in duchene muscular dystrophy in north west of iran. iran j child neurol. 2015 winter; 9(1): 42-48. abstract objective duchene and becker muscular dystrophy (dmd/ bmd) are x-linked disorders that both are the result of heterogeneous mutations in the dystrophin gene. the frequency and distri...

this study determines the value of linkage analysis using six rflp markers for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis in familial dmd/bmd cases and their family members for the first time in the iranian population. we studied the dystrophin gene in 33 unrelated patients with clinical diagnosis of dmd or bmd. subsequently, we determined the rate of heterozygosity for six intragenic rflp marker...

we report a 73-year-old woman with primary left atrial rhabdomyosarcoma and its 1h mr spectroscopy (mrs) findings. the tumor showed a 2.8 cm sized lesion in the posteroinferior atrial wall on mri. 1h mr spectra were acquired using a point-resolved spectroscopy (press) sequence with electrocardiographic (ecg) gating and respiratory motion. the use of 1h-mrs allowed the quantification of triglyce...

in crooked noses, the lateral walls are different in shape and symmetry. although the septum is very important to obtain a straight nose, identical and symmetrical lateral walls are needed for a straight looking nasal dorsum. as well as the septum, lateral walls also contribute in nasal skeletal support and stability. thus, obtaining identical and symmetrical lateral walls is important. in orde...

results the mean age of the patients was 14.73 ± 2.3 (range 13-16) years. the most common symptom was cyclic dysmenorrhea. the vaginal septum was resected safely in all of the patients. the symptoms including cyclic dysmenorrhea and hematometra resolved after 3 months. conclusions hysteroscopic resection of the vaginal septum is an available, feasible, convenient, and effective tool in the mana...

abstract bachground: the main objective of this study was to define the clinical changes of facial deformity in patients older than 5 years with congenital torticollis treated by proximal and distal sternocleidomastoid tenotomy. methods: we retrospectively evaluated fifteen patients who had had an open tenotomy of the sternal and clavicular and mastoid origins of the sternocleidomastoid muscle ...

the main issues in nasal surgery are to stabilize the nose in the good position after surgery and preserve the cartilages and bones in the favorable situation and reduce the risk of deviation recurrence. also it is necessary to avoid the synechia formation, nasal valve narrowing, hematoma and bleeding. due to the above mentioned problems and in order to solve and minimize them nasal packing, na...