BACKGROUND The most common complications during dialysis are hypotension and muscle cramps. There are many strategies to prevent and treat these complications. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to evaluate effects of vitamin E and L-carnitine supplementation alone and in combination on intradialytic complications. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a prospective study, 20 patients with end stage ren...

Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is a main cause of stroke, cognitive impairment, and vascular dementia. COL4A1 mutations have been identified as hereditary cerebral disease. mutation associated with nephropathy, aneurysms, muscle cramps, which we call the HANAC syndrome. Mutations in recently both mouse model families, characterized by cystic brain cavities white-matter lesions. But it has...

INTRODUCTION Two previously reported Norwegian patients with painful muscle cramps and giant myotonic discharges were genotyped and compared with those of members of 21 families harboring the same mutation. METHODS Using primers specific for SCN4A and CLCN1, the DNA of the Norwegian family members was amplified and bidirectionally sequenced. Clinical and neurophysiological features of other f...

Background Muscle cramps affect approximately 1 in 3 people in the general community each year. Many interventions are available for lower limb cramps, but not all are efficacious or supported by evidence. Many treatments are controversial, no treatment guidelines exist, and many people experience no benefit from the interventions prescribed. In clinical trials, no drug treatment for cramps has...

BACKGROUND Tarantula spiders are widely kept and bred in captivity by both adults and children. Their bites are generally considered harmless. AIM To explore the effects of envenoming by Old World tarantulas. DESIGN AND METHODS Clinical studies and review of conventional literature and hobbyist web sites. RESULTS Two men bitten on their index fingers by pet Old World tarantula spiders, La...

BACKGROUND Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a complex disorder characterized by chronic widespread pain (CWP), multiple areas of tenderness, sleep disturbance, fatigue, and mood or cognitive dysfunction. Myotonia congenita (MC) is an inherited myopathic disorder that is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the skeletal muscle chloride channel, which can infrequently manifest as generalized mu...